Integumentary System

rate of integument aging depends of what 5 things

nutrition, lifestyle, genetics, exposure to environmental living conditions, socioeconomic status

________ is “true aging” where alterations of cutaneous function alter due to time alone and we have an increase in crosslinking of collagen

intrinsic aging

_________ is aging due to chronic exposure to UV radiation, environmental pollutants, wind, or smoke

extrinsic aging

epidermis becomes _____, rougher, wrinkly, more ____, and we have an increased predisposition to skin tears, decreased ___________ and langerhans cells

dryer; lax; melanocytes

the epidermis has a decreased turnover rate after age ___ by ___%

65; 50%

the dermis has decreased _______ and ______, both becoming stiffer and cross linking

collagen; elastin

collagen and elastin in the dermis become ____ and _____

stiffer; cross linked

the dermis and epidermis have a _____ and ______ of cells

thinning; flattening

the dermis has ________ cutaneous nerve endings and decreased _________

decreased; vascularity

the dermis has decreased __________ endings and ________ vascularity

cutaneous nerve; decreased

subcutaneous fat has ________ thickness with aging which increased ______ through easier bruising, changes in distribution, and predisposing us to developing a _____________

decreased; frailty; pressure ulcer (PU)

appendages have ________ (increased, decreased, no change) number/structure of sweat glands

decreased

appendages have a loss of ______ melaocytes

hair bulb

we develop abnormal _______ with ridges

nail plates

__________ number of hair follicles

decreased

__________ amount of facial hair in women

increased

________ number of skin tags, hemangiomas, or moles

increased

intrinsic change: slowed _____ repair

DNA

intrinsic change: decreased _________ perception due to decreased receptors

sensory

intrinsic change: slowed ____ replacement

cell

intrinsic change: __________ (increased, decreased) sebum production

decreased

intrinsic change: decreased vitamin ___ production

D

vascular aging: decreased number of ______, __________ angiogenesis, decreased VEGF and ____, diminished _______ healing

blood vessels; decreased; bFGF; wound

extrinsic change: ________ pigmentation

irregular

extrinsic change: smoking exacerbates _________

photoaging

extrinsic change: ______ are common in photoaged skin

skin cancers

extrinsic change: epidermal ___________

dysplasia

extrinsic change: actinic _______ and ______ colored macules

keratosis; brown

chronic wounds occur in ___% of the geriatric population (think pressure ulcers (PU), diabetic foot ulcers, venous statis ulcers, skin tears, and arterial ulcers

15%

_____________ is the most destructive, metastatic, and deadly

malignant melanoma

largest organ in the body is the integument at __ ft

20

_____ is 10x thicker than the epidermis

dermis

aging changes in the ______ layer include: loss of weight, decreased ability to dissipate pressure and shear forces

subcutaneous fatty

aging changes in the _______ include: loss of elastin and decreased blood vessles

dermis

subcutaneous fatty layer stores _______

energy

______ aging includes: photoaging, dermal elastosis, and irregular distribution and activity of melaocytes

extrinsic

_______ is the first line of defense

stratus corneum

it takes ___% more time to heal reepithelialize blistered skin

50

senile pupura refers to older adults having …

easy bruising

_______ is dependent on nutrition, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors

rate of aging

3 types of skin cancer

squamous cell, basal cell, melanoma

very dry skin scientific name

xerosis

minimal acceptable SPF

15%

cutis

epidermis and dermis together

integumentary system is made of what

skin, nails, hair

epidermis takes __% more time to reepithelialize blistered skin

50

subcutaneous layer has a loss of ___ which leads to decreased ______ storage, decreased ______, and pressure ______ which predisposed us to develop PUs

fat; energy; dissipation

decreased VEGF and fFGF in dermis leads to what

decreased blood supply

actinic keratosis

rough scaly patches on skin

seborrheic keratosis

waxy brown, black, or tan growths

detrimental integumentary aging in the elderly is exacerbated by all of the following except

use of moisturizers and skin emollients

structural changes in the epidermis are notes as follows

thinning and flattening of dermal-epidermal junction

aging of the dermis includes the following

decreased number of dermal blood vessels

with aging, the subcutaneous fat layer exhibits all but the following changes

blood vessels in this layer actually retain structure sufficient to prevent frailty and damage

aging of the basement membrane results in all of the following except

no overt anatomical of physiological changes

aging skin exhibits altered wound healing, signified by the following

reduced tensile strength of scar

risk factors for aging skin include all of the following except

not impacted by cognitive/metal changes

examples of extrinsic aging include all but the following

dermal dysplasia