Eukaryotic Diversity Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers specific eukaryotic organisms including fungi, algae, protozoans, and parasitic worms as discussed in Chapter 5: Eukaryotic Diversity.

Chemoorganotroph

The metabolism type shared by Fungi, Protozoans, and Animalia according to the lecture notes.

Ergosterol

A unique attribute found in the cells of the Kingdom Fungi.

Candida albicans

An opportunistic pathogen that is part of the normal microbiota of humans.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Economically important species known as Baker’s yeast, used to make beer, wine, and bread.

Kingdom Protista

A kingdom that does not represent a group sharing a common ancestor and includes animal-like, plant-like, and fungal-like organisms.

Brown algae (kelp)

Non-motile, multicellular algae with true tissues characterized by economic and ecological importance.

Red algae

Multicellular algae without true tissues that serve as a source of agar.

Green algae

Algae with evolutionary significance for giving rise to land plants and ecological significance as a source of oxygen and food.

Gliding motility

A method of movement on a layer of mucous used by some green algae and diatoms.

Frustules

Structures of diatoms used in industry.

Dinoflagellates

Unicellular, biflagellated organisms involved with harmful algal blooms and red tide.

Karenia brevis

A specific type of dinoflagellate mentioned in relation to toxin production.

Cysts

A resistant stage of protozoans that aids in the transmission of the pathogen from one host to another.

Trophozoite

The vegetative form of a protozoan that is alive with an active metabolism.

Trichomonas

A common flagellated STI that lacks mitochondria and must live as a parasite.

Giardia

A flagellated protozoan causing backpacker's diarrhea that lacks mitochondria and possesses cysts.

Pseudopods

Structures used for movement and phagocytosis by organisms such as Entamoeba hystolica and Naegleria fowleri.

Apicomplexans

A group of non-motile obligate intracellular parasites that often have complex life cycles with multiple hosts.

Cryptosporidium

A common cause of diarrhea transmitted by the fecal-oral route that is resistant to chlorine.

Toxoplasma

A parasite passed in cat feces that enters humans through the respiratory route and can be fatal to a developing fetus.

Definitive host

The host in which sexual reproduction of a parasite occurs, such as the mosquito for Plasmodium.

Intermediate host

The host in which asexual reproduction of a parasite occurs, such as humans for Plasmodium.

Ciliates

Protozoans that use cilia for motility and have few significant human pathogens.

Scolex

The structure used by tapeworms to remain attached to the inner wall of the intestines.

Proglottids

Reproductive segments of a tapeworm that break off and pass in the feces.

Schistosoma

Also known as blood flukes, these parasites use humans as a definitive host and freshwater snails as an intermediate host.

Cercariae

The stage of a blood fluke that enters the human host through intact skin.

Miracidium

The stage of a blood fluke that enters into the snail host after hatching from eggs in freshwater.

Schistosomiasis

The second most common parasitic disease in humans after malaria, which can cause damage to the intestine, liver, and bladder.

Nematodes

Round worms that are ecologically important and include many pathogenic species.

Heartworms

Pathogens transmitted by mosquitoes that live as adults in canines and produce offspring that circulate in the blood.