Anxiety Disorders

Fear

the emotional response to real or perceived imminent threat

anxiety

anticipation of future threat

phobia

a persistent and disproportionate fear of some specific object or situation that presents little or no actual danger and yet leads to a great deal of avoidance of these feared situations

(1) specific phobia, (2) social anxiety, and (3) agoraphobia

the three main categories of phobias

4 weeks in children

What is the duration requirement for Separation Anxiety Disorder in children?

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A mental health disorder marked by developmentally inappropriate and excessive fear or anxiety about separation from those to whom the individual is attached.

adolescents and adults

Cardiovascular symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, and feeling faint are rare in younger children but may occur in ____________________

6 months in adults

What is the duration requirement for Separation Anxiety Disorder in adults?

Selective Mutism

Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations in which there is an expectation for speaking (e.g., at school) despite speaking in other situations.

At least 1 month

in selective mutism, the duration of the disturbance is how long?

Specific Phobia

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation

6 months or more

How long should the fear, anxiety, or avoidance should last in specific phobia?

Active avoidance

means the individual intentionally behaves in ways that are designed to prevent or minimize contact with phobic objects or situations

women

Animal, natural environment, and situational specific phobias are predominantly experienced by which gender?

defense mechanism against anxiety

According to the psychoanalytic view, what do phobias represent?

Psychoanalytic View of Phobias

A child with aggressive feelings toward a parent may develop a fear of animals instead — not because animals are the real problem, but because they symbolically represent the feared parent.

Vicarious Conditioning

Fear is learned by observing others’ fear or trauma.

exposure therapy

the most effective treatment for specific phobias, involves controlled exposure to the stimuli or situations that elicit phobic fear

participant modeling

the therapist calmly models ways of interacting with the phobic stimulus or situation

Social Anxiety Disorder

Marked fear or anxiety about one or more social situations in which the individual is exposed to possible scrutiny by others.

6 MONTHS or more

How long should the symptoms of social anxiety disorder persist?

women

Social anxiety is more common among which gender

Panic disorder

s defined and characterized by the occur rence of panic attacks that often seem to come “out of the blue.”

panic attack

An abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes and includes at least 4 out of 13 physical or cognitive symptoms.

Paresthesia

the feeling of tingling, numbness or “pins and needles.”

At least 1 month

What is the required duration for concern about additional panic attacks or behavioral change following a panic attack in Panic Disorder?

Nocturnal Panic Attack

A panic attack that happens during sleep or rest.

trung gio

a Vietnamese individual who has a panic attack after walking out into a windy environment

Ataque de nervios

among Latin Americans, may involve trembling, uncontrollable screaming or crying, aggressive or suicidal behavior, and depersonalization or derealization, which may be experienced longer than the few minutes typical of panic attacks

women

The rate of panic disorder is nearly twofold higher in which gender

Expected panic attacks

are attacks for which there is an obvious cue or trigger, such as situations in which panic attacks have typically occurred.

Unexpected panic attacks

are those for which there is no obvious cue or trigger at the time of occurrence

Agoraphobia

Marked fear or anxiety about two (or more) of the following

five situations:

1. Using public transportation (e.g., automobiles, buses,

trains, ships, planes).

2. Being in open spaces (e.g., parking lots, marketplaces,

bridges).

3. Being in enclosed places (e.g., shops, theaters, cinemas).

4. Standing in line or being in a crowd.

5. Being outside of the home alone.

6 MONTHS OR MORE

In agoraphobia, The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typicaly lasting for 6

difficult

Individuals with agoraphobia frequently believe that escape from such situations might be______ (e.g., “can’t get out of here”) or that help might be unavailable (e.g., “there is nobody to help me”)

agoraphobia

Typically people with _____ are also frightened by their own bodily sensations, so they also avoid activities that will create arousal such as exercising, watching scary movies, drinking caffeine, and even engaging in sexual activity

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Excessive anxiety and worry (apprehensive expectation), occurring more days than not for at least 6 months, about a number of events or activities

Specific Phobia

Marked fear or anxiety about a specific object or situation (e.g., flying, heights, animals, receiving an injection, seeing blood).The fear, anxiety, or avoidance is persistent, typicaly lasting for 6 months or more