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concept
category or grouping of linguistic information, ideas, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences
artificial concept
concept that is defined by a very specific set of characteristics
natural concept
mental groupings that are created naturally through your experiences
schema
mental construct consisting of a cluster or collection of related concepts
event schema (cognitive script)
a set of behaviors that can feel like routine
role schema
makes assumptions about how individuals in certain roles will behave
cognition
thinking, including perception, learning, problem solving, judgment, and memory
language
communication system that involves using words to transmit information from one individual to another
lexicon
the words of a given language
semantics
process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words
phoneme
basic sound unit of given language
morpheme
smallest units of language that convey some type of meaning
functional fixedness
type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for
anchoring bias
occurs when you focus on one piece of information when making a decision or solving a problem
confirmation bias
tendency to focus information that confirms your existing beliefs
representative bias
faulty way of thinking, in which you unintentionally stereotype someone or something
hindsight bias
belief that the event just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn't
Crystallized intelligence
acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it
fluid intelligence
the ability to see complex relationships and solve problems
practical intelligence
street smarts and common sense
Analytical intelligence
aligned with academic problem solving and computations
creative intelligence
ability to produce new products, ideas, or inventing a new, novel solution to a problem
linguistic intelligence
perceives different functions of language, different sounds and meanings of words, may easily learn multiple languages
logical-mathematical intelligence
capable of seeing numerical patterns, strong ability to use reason and logic
musical intelligence
understands and appreciates rhythm, pitch, and tone; may lay multiple instruments or perform as a vocalist
bodily kinesthetic intelligence
high ability to control the movements of the body and use the body to perform various physical tasks
spatial intelligence
ability to perceive the relationship between objects and how they move in space
interpersonal intelligence
ability to understand and be sensitive to the various emotional states of others
intrapersonal intelligence
ability to access personal feelings and motivations, and use them to direct behavior and reach personal goals
naturalist intelligence
high capacity to appreciate the natural world and interact with the species within it
