Period 2 apush terms

Puritans

wanted a purified Anglican church, devout Protestants
puritan influence weakens/relaxes to a focus on economy (halfway covenant)
Plymouth colony

Mayflower Compact

first governing document in America- by Plymouth colony

John Winthrop

governor of Massachusetts bay colony, city on a hill, wanted Puritans to spread religious righteousness

joint stock companies

made up of group of private investors to share the risk of colonization, motive is profit or gold
(ex: virginia company)

Jamestown

first permanent colony (british), started by John Smith, many starved

Indentured servitude

1st primary source of labor in colonies, worker under contract and would receive land after 4-7 years work, middle rank between slave and free, hard life

headright policy

englishmen who bought share in company could get 50 acres on arrival in VA and 50 more for any servants they bring

Bacon's rebellion

Bacon hated Indians, fight of indentured servants vs colonists with good land, Governor Berkeley of Va made peace with Indians. Bacon's men burned Jamestown resulting in coastal farms becoming more cooperative, farmers changing attitude towards indentured servants and African slaves

Roger Williams

Founded Rhode Island, 1st colony to have religious tolerance, Indians compensated for their land, belief of separation of church and state, 1st colony to outlaw slavery

Quakers

influential radical group founded by George Fox in 1647, no formal sacraments of ministry, tolerant of all

New England colonies

(NH, Mass, RI, Conn)
Founded primarily by Puritans seeking to establish a community and religious freedom, mixed economy of agriculture and economics, favorite environmental conditions, no staple crops, family farms, fishing and shipbuilding

Middle Colonies

(NY, Penn, NJ, Delaware)
Demographically, religiously, and ethnically diverse, support a flourishing export economy based on cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye, grain)

Southern colonies

(Maryland, VA, NC, SC, Georgia)
plantations, lots of slaves, staple crops
Marlyand, NC, and VA- tobacco
SC and Georgia- rice and sugar

Chesapeake colonies

Maryland and Virginia- tobacco

Navigation Acts

tighten control over commerce, 3/4 of ships crew must be British, increase in nation revenue and restrict economic freedom from colonies

Salutary neglect

British policy to ignore colonies breaking laws

Dominion of NE

British combined NE colonies in to one colony (targeted at MA Puritans), appointed governor removed Puritans from power, colonists got rid of power in bloodless revolution

Triangle Trade

trade between Americas, England, and Africa
NE shipped rum to Africa, slaves to Indies with rum and molasses, sugar shipped to england

Mercantilism

economic theory that there is a finite amount of wealth in the world, obtain favorable amounts of trade, obtain as much silver and gold as possible

Middle Passage

slave travel on ships from Africa to the Americas, 4 weeks to 6 months, 1 in 6 died of disease, suicide, starvation, or uprising

Anglicization

to make English in qualities and characteristics, adapt to English usage
ex: colonial assemblies and king, enlightenment, great awakening

Enlightenment

valued reason, science, and individual freedom, finding the truth, natural laws govern the way the world works
ex: Newton, Franklin, Copernicus

John Locke/social contract

Enlightenment thinker, developed the idea of social contract that people have natural rights of life, liberty, and property, if government disobeys rights then we have the right to overthrow it

resistance to slavery

sabotaging crops, resist work orders, work slow run away, steal tools

Stono Rebellion

South Carolina, led by literate slave, gathered slaves, tried to get to Florida, killed 20-50 whites but were caught and killed

Beaver wars

bloody conflicts where Iroquois fought French for control of fur trade and Great Lakes Region, British armed Iroquois, destroyed tribes

King Phillip's War

effort by Natives to drive out English settlers, aka metacom's war, Indians joined against colonists

Cereal crops

wheat, barley grown in middle colonies

tobacco

staple crop grown in chesapeake/southern colonies like Maryland and VA

Great awakening

widespread religious revival, challenged traditional churches, faith is emotional, new denominations formed

George Whitefield

traveling preacher, emotional conversions, charismatic

Jonathan Edwards

emotional, God's grace, wrote "sinners in the hands of an angry God"

Atlantic World

Political, Economic, and social exchanges across Atlantic that had profound impact on colonies (ex: slave and triangle trade)