Historical Events in the Philippines: First Mass to Cavite Mutiny

Juan de la Concepcion

Narrator of the First Mass in the Philippines.

First Mass Date

Celebrated on March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday.

Fray Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga

Important writer on Philippine history.

Augustinian Friar

Pedro Valderrama officiated the First Mass.

Butuan Tradition

Claimed site of the First Mass for centuries.

Wenceslao Renata

Revised Pigafetta's travels in 1893.

Limasawa

Contested site of the First Mass.

Mazaua

Venue referred to by Pigafetta.

Emma Blair and Alexander Robertson

Historians involved in Philippine historical analysis.

Cleveland Document Collection

Published documents on Philippine Islands from 1903-1909.

Francisco Colin S.J.

Wrote Labor Evangelica, 1592-1660.

Francisco Combes S.J.

Authored Historia de Mindanao y Jolo in 1667.

Legazpi Expedition

Visited Butuan, confirming its historical significance.

Cavite Mutiny

Uprising of Filipino military personnel in 1872.

National Museum of the Philippines

Displays artifacts from Butuan and Agusan River.

Butuan Monument

Erected in 1872, commemorating the First Mass.

Jose Montero Y Vidal

Spanish historian interpreting the Cavite Mutiny.

Governor-General Rafael Izquierdo

Governed Philippines from 1871 to 1873.

Historical Error of 1872 Inscription

Misrepresentation of events surrounding the Cavite Mutiny.

King of Butuan

Described by Pigafetta as a notable leader.

Rajah Colambu/Kulambu

King of Mazaua mentioned in Pigafetta's diary.

Rajah Siaiu/Siagu

King of Butuan noted in historical accounts.

Cavite City Marker

Located in Ramon Quijano Samonte Park.

Mutiny Effects

Unsuccessful revolt led to executions of participants.

Butuan's Cultural Importance

Significant in Philippine culture and history.

Planting of the Cross

Symbolic act mentioned by Jayme de Veyra.

Albo's Log-book

Provided evidence regarding the First Mass site.

Geography of Mazaua

Island shaped like a tadpole, north to south.

Indios

Labeled as gullible and prone to theft.

Conspirators of Manila and Cavite

Planned to assassinate Spanish officials and friars.

Rebels' goal

Overthrow Spanish government to install new leader.

Dissolution of artillery regiments

Native artillery units were disbanded by authorities.

Signal for attack

Rockets fired from Intramuros indicated uprising.

Artillery force composition

Created exclusively from Peninsulares, not natives.

Feast of Virgin of Loreto

Celebrated in Sampaloc on January 20, 1872.

Cavite fireworks

Mistaken for attack signal by locals.

Trial of GOMBURZA

Legal proceedings against three martyr priests.

February 17, 1872

Date of significant events in Cavite.

Sergeant Fernando La Madrid

Led 200 men in assault on Spanish officers.

Spanish government response

Instilled fear among Filipinos through repression.

Execution of GOMBURZA

Three priests executed, heightening Filipino discontent.

Abogadillos suspension

Legal professionals suspended following the revolt.

Spanish reinforcements

Sent to Cavite to suppress the uprising.

Royal Audiencia

High Court that ordered crackdown on rebels.

Cavite revolt suppression

Easily quelled due to lack of support.

Life imprisonment

Sentence given to arrested insurgents in Marianas.

Dr. Trinidad Pardo De Tavera

Witnessed discontent among Cavite arsenal workers.

Cold-blooded policies

Gov. Izquierdo's harsh measures against Filipinos.

Filipino clergy involvement

Supported rebels and opposed Spanish rule.

Segismundo Moret's decree

Educational reform welcomed by Spanish government.

Mariano Gomez

Head priest advocating for native clergy rights.

Cry of Dolores

Mexican rebellion cry on September 16, 1810.

Cry of Ypiranga

Brazilian independence cry on September 7, 1822.

Cry of Matanza

Cuban rebellion cry on February 24, 1895.

Battle of San Juan del Monte

First major battle of the Philippine Revolution.

Secularization movement

Replacing friars with native priests in churches.

Cry of Pugadlawin

Initial uprising cry of the Katipunan.

Pugad Lawin controversy

Disputed site and date of the rebellion's cry.

Pio Valenzuela

Historian advocating for Pugad Lawin's recognition.

Cry of Balintawak

The revolutionary event on August 24, 1896.

Pugad Lawin

Location associated with the Cry, debated historically.

Apolonio Samson's house

Site of the Cry on August 23, 1896.

Tandang Sora

House where the Cry was believed to occur.

Gregoria de Jesus

Notable Katipunan member and revolutionary figure.

Teodoro Agoncillo

Historian who researched the Cry's location.

Briccio Pantas

Confirmed details about the Cry's occurrence.

Alfonso and Cipriano Pacheco

Katipunan members involved in the Cry.

NHI Marker

Placed in 1984 to commemorate the Cry.

Dap-dap tree

Tree mentioned in conflicting historical accounts.

Local History

Study of history in a geographically limited context.

Katipunan

Revolutionary society leading the fight for independence.

August 24, 1896

Date traditionally recognized for the Cry.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Leader of the revolution and Katipunan member.

Historical Documentation

Records from local societies preserving history.

Government Proclamation

Official recognition of the Cry's date and location.

Vinzons Hall

Location of a Katipunan members' photo installation.

Historical Marker

Sign commemorating significant historical events.

Oral History

History passed down through spoken accounts.

Civil Guard Arrival

Military presence during the revolutionary activities.

Loss of Katipunan Funds

Financial setback during revolutionary skirmishes.

Historical Revisionism

Re-evaluation of historical events and narratives.

Local Communities

Groups preserving their unique historical narratives.

Historical Societies

Organizations dedicated to preserving local history.

Pugad Lawin Marker

Marker installed to commemorate the Cry's location.

August 23, 1984

Date NHI placed the Pugad Lawin marker.

Narrative Oral History

Storytelling forms like myths, legends, and epics.

Folk Tales

Magic or romantic stories passed orally.

Myths

Creation stories explaining origins of the world.

Legends

Explanatory stories about historical events.

Epics

Heroic tales of warriors and their adventures.

Ballads

Poetic narratives similar to folk tales.

Memorates

Personal experience stories shared orally.

Non-Narrative Oral History

Includes proverbs, riddles, and oral poetry.

Chants

Songs used in rituals and religious activities.

Oral Law

Customary laws passed down orally.

Dirge

Funeral songs honoring the deceased.

Historical Museums

Institutions preserving artifacts and cultural heritage.

Art Museums

Display visual art from their collections.

Natural History Museums

Focus on biological and geological collections.

National Museum of Natural History

Located in Rizal Park, Manila, showcases nature.