Biol 1510 - Eukaryotic Cells Study Guide

Nucleolus

Region of ribosome production within the nucleus

Cis Face

area of Golgi that faces E.R., where transport vesicles enter Golgi

Organelles

membrane bound structures with specific functions

Cilia

short & numerous

Cytosol

fluid portion of cytoplasm composed of dissolved nutrients, proteins, ions and waste.

Nuclear membrane

double membrane around nucleus

Ribosome

small structures that make proteins

Endoplasmic Reticulum (E.R.)

Extension of nuclear membrane

Smooth E.R.

Variation of Endoplasmic Reticulum with no ribosomes attached; makes lipids, steroid hormones and carbohydrates

Golgi body

Flattened sacs that will package, modify and secrete material going in/out cell

Cisternae

individual stacks of membranes that form the Golgi

Trans Face

area of Golgi that faces cell membrane, where secretory vesicles exit

Mitochondria

Double membrane organelle. (two plasma membranes), Provides energy for the cell

Cytoskeleton

Protein filaments (long and thin) that provide internal structure and support

Cell Wall

PLANT-ONLY ORGANELLE
Located outside of the plasma membrane.
Provides the shape, rigidity and prevents cell lysis.
Composed of peptidoglycan (layers of sugars linked together by proteins)

Chloroplast

PLANT-ONLY ORGANELLE
Double membrane organelle.
Location of photosynthesis.

Central Vacuole

PLANT-ONLY ORGANELLE
Take up 50-90% of internal space
Store: water, toxins, minerals and pigments.

Plasma Membrane

thin layer that separates the cells internal content from its surroundings

Flagella

long and singular

Cytoplasm

semi-fluid interior of cell, where organelles are located

Inclusions

Insoluble particles in direct contact with cytosol.

Nucleus

Membrane bound location of genetic material.

Rough E.R.

Variation of Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes attached; makes proteins that are secreted out of the cell.

Lysosome

Digestive vesicles that arise from Golgi. Enzyme filled sac that participates in intracellular digestion. "Floating stomach"