Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Salts Flashcards

Flashcards created from Science 10 lecture notes on Acids, Bases, and Salts, covering definitions, properties, classifications, pH values, and real-life applications.

What are acids defined as in terms of ion production in water?

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions ($H^+$) when dissolved in water.

What is a weak acid?

An acid that dissociates incompletely, releasing only some of its hydrogen atoms into the solution.

Which weak acid is found in ant stings and nettle plants?

Formic (Methanoic) Acid.

Which weak acid is found in tamarind and grapes?

Tartaric Acid.

Which acid is present in tomatoes?

Oxalic acid.

What defines a strong acid?

An acid that is completely dissociated in an aqueous solution.

What are the real-life uses of Sulfuric Acid ($H_2SO_4$)?

Car batteries, fertilizer production, and industrial processes.

What ions do bases produce when dissolved in water?

Hydroxide ions ($OH^-$).

What is a weak base?

A basic substance that dissociates incompletely in water.

What is the chemical formula and real-life use of Magnesium Hydroxide?

The formula is $Mg(OH)_2$, and it is used in antacids (Milk of Magnesia).

What defines a strong base?

A basic substance that completely dissociates in water.

What are the real-life uses of Sodium Hydroxide ($NaOH$)?

Soap making, drain cleaners, and paper production.

What is a salt?

The substance formed (in addition to water) when an acid and a base react with each other.

What is the chemical formula for Plaster of Paris?

$$CaSO_4 \cdot \frac{1}{2}H_2O$$

What is the chemical formula and common use of Bleaching Powder?

The chemical formula is $CaOCl_2$, and it is used for water purification and disinfecting.

How are acidic salts formed?

They are formed by the partial replacement of hydrogen ions of an acid by a metal.

How are basic salts formed?

They are formed by the partial replacement of hydroxide ions of a base with an acid.

What is an alkali?

A base that dissolves in water, feels soapy to touch, is bitter and corrosive, and has a pH greater than 7.

What are olfactory indicators?

Indicators whose odor changes in acidic or basic media, such as vanilla and onion.

What is the correct procedure for diluting an acid with water?

The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring.

How does litmus paper change color in acids and bases?

It turns red in acid and blue in base.

What range on the pH scale represents acidic solutions?

0 to 6, with 0 being the most acidic.

Within what pH range does the human body function?

A pH range of 7.0 to 7.8.

When is rain water classified as acid rain?

When the pH of rain water is less than 5.6.

What acid is produced in the stomach for digestion, and what is its approximate pH?

Hydrochloric acid ($HCl$), with a pH of approximately 2.