FLOGY UNIT REVIEW - COMPREHENSIVE CELL BIOLOGY

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers essential cell biology concepts, organelles, mitosis stages, levels of biological organization, and life processes based on the provided review notes.

Cell Theory

A biological theory stating that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and all cells come from other cells.

Plant Cell

A type of cell typically having a box shape and containing a cell wall, chloroplast, and a large vacuole.

Animal Cell

A type of cell typically having a round or irregular shape and containing centrioles and lysosomes.

Cytoplasm

The jelly-like material located inside the cell.

Cell membrane

The organelle that controls what enters and leaves the cell; often compared to a door.

Cell wall

A structure that provides support and shape to plant cells.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell, often referred to as the brain.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that transports materials within the cell.

Golgi bodies

An organelle that packages proteins; often compared to a post office.

Vacuole

An organelle that stores water, food, and waste; often compared to a storage room.

Chloroplast

The organelle responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

Reasons for Cell Division

Cells divide for $3$ main reasons: growth, repair, and to replace old or dead cells.

I PMAT C

The memory trick for the stages of cell division: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis.

Interphase

The phase where the cell grows and copies its DNA.

Prophase

The mitosis stage where chromosomes appear.

Metaphase

The mitosis stage where chromosomes line up in the middle.

Anaphase

The mitosis stage where chromosomes pull apart.

Telophase

The mitosis stage where two nuclei form.

Cytokinesis

The final stage where the cell splits; in animal cells it pinches in the middle, and in plant cells a cell plate forms.

Stem Cells

Special cells that can become many cell types; controversial when embryonic because they come from embryos.

Levels of Organization

The hierarchy of biological complexity: $Cell \rightarrow Tissue \rightarrow Organ \rightarrow Organ System \rightarrow Organism$.

M.R.S. H.E.N.G.

An acronym for the life processes: Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Homeostasis, Excretion, Nutrition, and Growth.

Digestive System Path

The sequential organs involved in digestion: Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum, and Anus.

Extra Digestive Organs

Organs that aid the digestive system including the Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder.