chapter 10 psych

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Framework for understanding human motivation and needs.

Safety Needs

Basic requirement for security and protection.

Emotional Influence

Impact of violence on emotions and behaviors.

Definition of Emotions

Psychological states involving subjective personal experiences.

Physiological Component

Physical manifestations of emotions, like sweating.

Behavioral Expression

Visible actions reflecting emotional states.

Interaction of Components

Complex relationship among emotional aspects.

Emotions vs. Moods

Emotions are short-lived; moods last longer.

Identifiable Stimuli

Specific triggers for emotional responses.

Language and Emotion

Words shape and communicate emotional experiences.

Valence

Pleasantness or unpleasantness of an emotion.

Arousal

Activity level associated with an emotion.

Deployments

Ibrahim's military service experiences.

Fear Response

Intense fear experienced during combat situations.

Fight-or-Flight Response

Physiological changes during crisis situations.

James-Lange Theory

Emotions arise from physiological reactions.

Physiological Reaction

Body's response to stimuli, like increased heart rate.

Cannon-Bard Theory

Emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.

Schachter-Singer Theory

Emotional experience combines arousal and cognitive labeling.

Criticism of James-Lange

Emotions can exist without physiological responses.

Supporting Evidence

Distinct emotions activate different brain regions.

Example of Emotion Trigger

Feeling angry after being cut off while driving.

Emotional Nuances

Different words convey varying emotional meanings.

Injection's Side Effects

Influences emotional responses based on awareness.

Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Emotions arise from personal interpretation of experiences.

Richard Lazarus

Proposed Cognitive Appraisal Theory emphasizing emotional interpretation.

Emotional Feedback Loop

Appraisals influence subsequent emotional responses.

Zajonc's Perspective

Emotions can occur without cognitive appraisal.

Universal Emotions

Basic emotions are expressed similarly across cultures.

Paul Ekman

Studied universal facial expressions in isolated cultures.

Blind Children Studies

Facial expressions are inherent, not learned.

Reading Emotions

Enhances communication and emotional intelligence.

Basic Emotions

Fear, anger, happiness, sadness, disgust are universal.

Display Rules

Cultural norms dictate emotional expression.

Individualistic Cultures

More expressive, especially regarding positive emotions.

Collectivist Cultures

Favor suppression of emotions for social harmony.

Parental Influence

Parents teach display rules through emotional feedback.

Cultural Distinctions

Emotional expression varies even within cultures.

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

Facial expressions can influence emotional experiences.

Amygdala

Central to processing fear and emotional responses.

Fear Processing Pathways

Direct and indirect routes process fear differently.

Positive Psychology

Focuses on strengths and well-being, not illness.

Concept of Happiness

Happiness can be experienced in the present.

Flow

State of immersion in enjoyable, challenging tasks.

Genetic Influence on Happiness

Heritability estimates range from 35% to 50%.

Set Point for Happiness

Baseline happiness influenced by genetics and temperament.

Impact of Life Events

Major events temporarily boost happiness, then fade.

Increasing Happiness

Engage in exercise, relationships, and gratitude practices.

Ibrahim's Journey

Highlights importance of social connections for healing.