Hum. Hon. History II - The Cold War

Why was this time period called the "Cold War"?

there was no direct fighting/battles (only geographical/political tension)

What didn't the U.S. like about Stalin?

that he was an ally of Hitler's

What did the U.S. and S.U. both use the U.N for?

they used it as an inforum to spread their influence

What is the difference between Truman and Stalin?

Stalin has much more experience (decades) than Truman (a few months as president & Vice President for 1 term)

Who met up at the Yalta Conference?

FDR, Churchill, and Stalin

What did FDR promise Stalin at the Yalta Conference?

part of Poland and $20 million in war reparations from Germany

Who came to the Potsdam Conference?

Stalin, Truman, and Clement Attlee

What did the Potsdam Conference end up doing?

increasing conflict/tension between U.S. and S.U.

What were the established communists governments called?

Satellite Nations

Who gave the iron curtain speech and where?

Winston Churchill - Fulton Missouri, Westminster College

What was the purpose of the Iron Curtain Speech?

to warn to world about communism and that an "Iron Curtain" has descended across Europe (communism vs. democracies)

What was the Marshall Plan designed to do and who created it?

George C. Marshall - designed to provide economic aid to European nations after WWII

What were the main objective of the Marshall Plan?

- Economic aid and recovery

- Promote capitalism

- Reduce spread of communism

What did the Truman Doctrine do/involve?

- U.S. took over responsibility of preventing communist takeovers in Europe from Britain

- U.S. sent $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece which led to massively reducing the threat of communist takeovers

Describe the differences between the Marshall Plan and the Truman Doctrine

Marshall Plan INDIRECTLY fought communism by helping nations REBUILD using capitalist ways

Truman Doctrine DIRECTLY fought communism by helping nations FIGHT communist takeovers

What nations controlled/split up Germany and Berlin?

the U.S., S.U., Britain, and France

What sections of Germany/Berlin are democratic and what ones are communist?

- West Berlin + West Germany = democratic

- East Germany + East Berlin = communist

What did the Berlin Blockade represent?

the first heightening of the Cold War tensions

What Key events were involved in the Berlin Blockade?

- Truman Doctrine

- Institution of Marshall Plan

- West Germany economically revitalized ( U.S., British, and France combined their zones & currency reform)

What did the Berlin Airlift involve and why did it happen?

- Flying in supplies/food/fuel/goods to people in Berlin

- Some people didn't have enough supplies to last a month or two

Who became a hero to the children during the Berlin Airlift and why?

- Lieutenant Gale S. Halverson

- he dropped candy to the children, meaning that they will grow up to have fond memories of that time period

- known as Captain America

Who was China controlled by during WWII and what happened after?

- Controlled by Japan during WWII

- civil war started up again after war

Who led the North and South in China?

- Chiang Kai-Shek led Nationalists (South)

- Mao Zedong led Communists (North)

How and Who did the U.S. support in China?

- Supported Nationalists (South)

- Supported by sending supplies and money

Where did Chiang Kai-Shek fee to in 1949?

Taiwan

Who established a new government in China and what was/is it called? What country refused to accept it?

Mao Zedong (Communists/North) - The People's Republic of China

- U.S. refused to accept it

Why didn't the U.S. send troops to China?

It was too close to WWII

What did Mao Zedong do that caused 20 million people to die of famine

1. Asked people for opinions

2. Didn't like their responses, so people lost freedoms

3. Wanted to increase agricultural production, leading to 20 million people dying

What nation was ruled by Japan from 1940-1945?

Korea

What was the line called in Korea that split the nation between communists and democratics?

the 38th Parallel

Where in Korea did the U.S. occupy?

South Korea (democracy) - Republic of Korea (president = Syngman Rhee)

Where in Korea did the Soviets occupy?

North Korea (communists) - Democratic People's Republic of Korea (president = Kim Il Sung)

What was the order of the events in the Korean War? (this is lot, don't memorize but know what happens/the order)

1. June 25, 1950 - North (communists) invade South (democracy)

2. United Nations called in

3. Truman orders troops to support S Koreans

4. General Douglass MacAruthur commands troops in South

5. MacArthur invades behind enemy lines because North Korea was strong

6. Able to push North Koreans back over the 38th Parallel

7. Chinese troops join North Koreans

8. Able to push all of U.N. and south Koreans out of North Korea

9. Creates a standoff

Who called for an invasion of China + use of nuclear weapons on China?

General Douglass MacArthur

Why did Truman fire/"relieve" MacArthur from military office?

He kept urging Truman for a full-scale war on China and criticizing Truman

How was the Korean War ended?

cease fire was called in 1951 and 2 years later, both sides signed an armistice

Did the 38th parallel separate continue to separate N and S Korea after the Korean war?

Yes

Overall, what were the impacts of the Korean War?

it was costly, caused a downfall in the Democratic Party, and increased the fear of communist aggression

What caused the Cold War to start between the United States and the Soviet Union?

increased tensions between U.S. and S.U., opposite ideologies between the nations, OVERALL - Communism vs. Capitalism

Why did the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan increase tension between U.S. and Soviets?

both the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan aimed to fight communism by helping them rebuild (Marshall Plan) or fighting off takeover (Truman Doctrine). Stalin urged European nations to reject the Marshall plan (he also opposed the Truman Doctrine).

Discuss the causes and effects of the Berlin Airlift

Causes - Berlin Blockade, cut off land/water access, people didn't have enough food/fuel to last a month, economically revitalized West Germany (Brits, U.S. and French combined zones + currency reform), Truman Doctrine & Marshall plan

Effects - prevented starvation for the people, ended Blockade, strengthened West Germany

Discuss the effects/outcomes of the civil war in China

- Communism won (took over control of mainland)

- Shifts the Cold War

- established the People's Republic of China (I looked this one up so the People's Republic may not be right?)

- People died

Discuss the effects/outcomes of the Korean War

- very costly war

- continued to separate North and South Korea

- caused downfall in Democratic Party

- people became fearful of communist aggression