Sex Differences

Flashcards covering the key vocabulary and concepts discussed in the lecture regarding sex differences, hormones, and development.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers used for communication between neurons across a synaptic cleft.

Hormones

Chemical messengers released into the bloodstream to reach target cells.

Gametes

Reproductive cells, such as egg cells and sperm cells.

SRY gene

The crucial gene on the Y chromosome responsible for initiating testis development.

Gonad

The early undifferentiated fetal structure that can develop into either a testis or an ovary.

Androgens

A group of hormones, including testosterone, that promote the development of male characteristics.

Testosterone

An androgen hormone produced by the testes.

Anti-Müllerian hormone

A hormone produced by the testes that causes the Müllerian system to regress during male development.

Müllerian system

The precursor to the female internal sex organs (fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper part of the vagina).

Wolffian system

The precursor to the male internal sex organs (vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and urethra).

DHT (dihydrotestosterone)

An androgen responsible for the development of male-specific external genitalia.

Organizational effects (of hormones)

Permanent changes caused by hormones, often during sensitive periods like embryonic development.

Activation effects (of hormones)

Temporary effects of hormones on the brain, body, or behavior that are only present while the hormone is active.

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A hormone released by the hypothalamus that triggers the production of gonadotropins in the pituitary gland.

Gonadotropins

Hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone) that stimulate the gonads to produce sex hormones.