PMOC LAB

Alcohol

Compounds that have –OH group bonded to a saturated, alkane-like carbon atom.

-OH group

What group Alcohol Contains?

Ethanol

Monohydric alcohol called

Monohydric alcohol structure

1,2 Ethandiol

Dihydric alcohol name

Dihydric alcohol structure

1,2,3 Propantriol

Trihydric alcohol name

Trhydric alcohol structure

Test for Enol structure

What term describes a molecule with a hydroxyl group directly bonded to alkene.

Ethyl
N-Butyl
Glycerol
Benzyl Alcohol

Examples of alcohols

FeCl3 test

Example of test for enol structure

Place 1 mL of ethanol, n-butyl alcohol, glycerol, phenol and benzyl alcohol. in separate test tubes and dilute in 10 mL of water.

Step 1 test for enol structure

Add 5 drops of 10% ferric chloride soln. in each test tubes.

Step 2 for test for enol structure

Note the color, produced in each test tubes.

Step 3 for test for enol structure

violet purple

phenol + FeCl3 result

purple

What is the initial, original color of the potassium permanganate solution before the oxidation reaction begins?

black

What colored precipitate forms at the bottom of the test tube when potassium permanganate is completely reduced?

Aldehyde

What chemical compound class is first produced when a primary alcohol undergoes a single step of oxidation?

Carbonyl

What functional group class do aldehydes and ketones belong to, representing the simplest families of this group?

Aldehydes and Ketones

are the 2 simplest families of carbonyl compounds use for making expensive perfume.

Cinnamon
Vanilla
Almond

Aroma of aldehydes

Jasmone

What natural ketone compound is sourced from the jasmine flower?

Muscone

What natural ketone compound is derived from the male musk deer?

Solid

What physical state do aldehydes and ketones take when they have more than twelve carbon atoms?

Water soluble

When aldehyde and ketones drop into <5 Carbon it will became?

Alkanes

When Aldehyde and Ketone increases carbon they become similar to what?

Aldehydes and Ketones

monosaccharides contains?

Formaldehyde

Simple aldehyde (toxic) called:

Flammable
Toxic

Properties of Aldehyde and Ketones

carboxylic acid

aldehydes can be further oxidized to _____

OH group

In aldehyde oxidation, the hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon is replaced by an _____

Hydrogen

Ketones dont have

nitrogen gas

To prevent oxidation, aldehydes are often stored under ______

Tollen’s reagent

________is the most visually appealing oxidizing agent for aldehydes.

KETONE

What organic family fails to react with standard oxidizing agents because their carbonyl carbon lacks a hydrogen atom?

Silver Mirror test

Tollen’s test AKA

Place 2 gtts of Acetaldehyde and Acetone in each test tubes

Step 1 of Aldehydes and Ketone

Add 2 mL of Tollen’s reagent in separate test tubes.

Step 2 of Aldehydes and Ketones

Heat the mixture in 5 minutes and observe any color changes.

Step 3 of Aldehydes and Ketones

Repeat the procedure by using Benedict’s Reagent.

Step 4 of Aldehydes and Ketone

Copper II

What metallic ion gives the fresh Benedict's reagent its characteristic blue color?

Copper I oxide

What specific oxide compound forms the red precipitate at the bottom of the tube in Benedict's test?

Citrate

What organic ion is complexed with copper(II) inside the Benedict's reagent formulation?

ESTER and AMIDES

what are the derivatives of carboxylic acids?

Ester and Amides

Carboxylic acid can be converted into?

Carboxylic acid

Ester and Amides can be converted back to?

Esters

What organic product family is universally famous for having distinct, sweet, and fruity odors?

Plastic Balloon like odor

Ethyl Acetate odor:

Butyl Acetate

Apple Ester Aroma name

Ethyl butyrate

Pineapple ester aroma name

ethyl methylphenylglycidate

Strawberry aroma name

Iso butyl formate

Raspberry Aroma name

Octyl Acetate

Orange Aroma Name

Benzyl Acetate

Peach

Propyl iso-butyrate

Rum

Methyl Phenylacetate

Honey aroma name

Methyl Salicylate

Wintergreen aroma name

Hydrolysis

is a chemical process where a water molecule is added to break a bond.

Free Carboxylic acid and Alcohol

In Ester Hydrolysis. if acid is the catalyst what would it become?

Carboxylate anion

In Ester Hydrolysis. if base is the catalyst what would it become?

Saponification

Ester hydrolysis by reaction with a base such as NaOH or KOH is known as?

R-OH ; Hydroxyl ; Ethanol

Alcohol; Gen formula; functional group; example

R-CHO; Aldehyde; Methanol and Formaldehyde

Aldehyde; Gen formula; functional group; example

R-COOH; Carboxyl; Acetic Acid

Carboxylic Acid ; Gen formula; functional group; example

R-COOR; Ester; Ethyl Ethanoate

Ester ; Gen formula; functional group; example

R-COR; Carbonyl; Acetone

Ketone ; Gen formula; functional group; example