Preproduction (Huelm)

Reproduction

process by which organisms make more organisms like themselves

purpose of reproduction system

to have a child

age at which puberty begins for boys

9-15

age at which puberty begins for girls

8-13

puberty

developmental stage at which a person becomes capable of reproduction

gametes

sex cells in reproductive process

male gamete

sperm

female gamete

egg/ovum

penis

external organ used for urination and sperm are delivered through it to female body

purpose of male reproductive system

make and transport sperm to female for reproduction

shaft

main part of the penis

glans

tip of the penis

circumsion

surgical removal of the foreskin by doctor or clergy member

erectile tissue

spongy tissue that makes up the penis

erection

special tubes fill w/ blood when aroused

Urethra

tube that passes through penis to outside of body

ejaculation

sperm passes out of penis through urethra

scrotum

loose pouch of skin that hangs behind penis

job of scrotum

hold and protect testicles

purpose of scrotum

regulate the temperature of the testes

testicles are part of what 2 systems

endocrine

reproductive

what are the 2 functions of the testicles?

produce testosterone

produce sperm

seminiferous tubules

coiled tubules that produce sperm in the testes.

Spermatogenesis

process where seminiferous tubules produce sperm cells

male secondary sex characteristics

-produce sperm

-deep voice

-long bones

-broad shoulders

-penis enlarges

-hair grows

-grow taller

-testosterone produces

Epididymis

long coiled j shaped tube on back of each testicle that connects to the vas deferens

Vas deferens

tube that loops over the bladder , the main sperm carrier that propels sperm into ejaculatory ducts

Where are sperm stored and matured?

epididymis

seminal vesicles

secretes fluid that nourishes the sperm and helps them move

prostate gland

secretes fluid that nourishes and protects sperm and keeps them alive

Cowper's gland

secretes a clear lubricating fluid

semen

combo of the lubricating and nourishing fluid

most important thing to remember for male reproductive system…

cleanliness, protection, and self exam

smegma

substance that forms under foreskin consisting of dead skin cells and other secretions

what to check for in testicular exam

lumps, tenderness, and change in size or texture

tests for enlarged prostate

-rectal exam

-prostate exam

Leading cancer for males

cancer of the prostate

leading cancer for males our age

cancer of the testes

sterility

inability to produce sperm to fertilize the egg

Causes of sterility

mumps after puberty

purpose of female reproductive system

1- produce eggs that are fertilized with sperm for reproduction

What makes up vulva?

mons pubis, labia, clitoris, urinary opening, vaginal opening

birth canal

muscular walls also passageway for menstrual flow

vagina

A muscular hollow tube that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

cervix

narrow part of uterus that extends into vagina

opening of cervix

small opening no wider than a straw and provides an entryway to uterus

uterus

muscular organ the size of a fist

womb

(uterus)

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

fallopian tubes

tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus

ovaries

small organs about the size of an almond

functions of ovaries

-Release estrogen and progesterone (female sex hormones)

female secondary sex characteristics

-increase in height

ova

eggs that are not mature

follicle

a small hollow ball where ova mature

ovum

A mature egg cell

Ovulation

at puberty ovaries release 1 ripened egg every 28 days or so

menstruation cycle

time from the beginning of one cycle to the onset of the next cycle

system that regulates menstruation cycle

endocrine hormones

days 1-5 of menstrual cycle

-endometrium is dissolved

Days 6-12 of the Menstrual Cycle

-FSH releases which matures egg

Days 13-14 of the Menstrual Cycle

ovulation occurs level of LH rise most fertile at this time

Days 15-20 of the Menstrual Cycle

the egg travels through the fallopian tube to the uterus, hormones are secretes

Days 21-28 of the Menstrual Cycle

Corpus luteum disintegrates if egg is not fertile

corpus luteum

temporary endocrine gland formed in the ovary that is formed when the remains of the follicle close

cause of cramps

prostaglandins, a chemical that causes the muscles of the uterus to contract

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

infertile

inability to become pregnant

leading cause of infertility

blocked fallopian tube

leading cancer in females

breast cancer

mastecomy

removal of the breast

most important thing to remember about female reproductive system

cleanliness

self-cleaning organ

vagina

pap test

test for cervical cancer starting at age 21

Genes

Units of heredity material

Heredity

Passing of traits from parents to offspring

conception/fertilization

union of ovum and sperm

embryo

developing baby through 8 weeks

fetus

developing baby from 9 weeks to birth

Full-term

baby born between 38 and 40 weeks of pregnancy

Premature

Babies that are born before 37 weeks of pregnancy

miscarriage

pregnancy that ends within the first 20 weeks of gestation

stillbirth

natural ending of pregnancy 21 weeks and beyond

sex

using genitals for pleasure

intercourse

penis inserted into vagina

anal sex

penis inserted into anus

digital sex

hands/fingers on genitals

oral sex

mouth on genitals