Biomes and Cultural Concepts (Video Notes)

100 vocabulary flashcards covering enculturation, globalization concepts, and the major biomes described in the lecture notes.

Enculturation

learning culture from one's own group.

Acculturation

learning some new traits from another culture.

Assimilation

changing of current culture by adopting other.

Amalgamation

adopting beliefs, socialities of partners/groups.

Immersion

complete involvement.

Gemeinshaft

community with shared experiences; collectivism.

Gesellschaft

needs of the individual; individualism.

Authoritarian

make demands on wield power but lack warmth.

Authoritative

restrictive approach explained with reasons.

Globalization

interdependence, trade, technology, flow of goods.

Rejectionists

oppose global integration; threat to identity/equality.

Skeptics

question sustainability; profit-driven.

Modifiers

adjust policies; enhance positive effects.

Globalist

supports global policy.

Global Scholars

programs promoting international education.

Aquatic Biomes

biomes characterized by the presence of water.

Freshwater Biomes

include rivers, lakes, ponds, wetlands.

Rivers and Streams

flowing water ecosystems.

Lakes and Ponds

standing freshwater bodies.

Wetlands

soil saturated or flooded; specialized plants.

Marine Biomes

biomes that are saltwater; oceans, reefs, estuaries.

Oceans

largest marine biome with diverse zones.

Coral Reefs

biodiversity hotspots; rainforests of the sea.

Estuaries

where freshwater rivers meet the sea; mixed habitats.

Forest Biomes

dominated by trees; biodiversity and carbon sequestration.

Tropical Forests

near the equator; high biodiversity and rainfall.

Amazon Rainforest

example of tropical forest.

Congo Rainforest

example of tropical forest.

Canopy

upper layer of trees in a forest.

Humidity

high moisture in tropical forests.

Dense Canopy

thick overhead foliage that limits light.

Biodiversity

variety of life; high in tropical forests.

Temperate Forests

mid-latitude forests with distinct seasons.

North American Forests

temperate forest examples in North America.

European Forests

temperate forest examples in Europe.

East Asian Forests

temperate forest examples in East Asia.

Boreal Forests

taiga; high-latitude coniferous forests.

Taiga

cold-tolerant, long winters; coniferous trees.

Coniferous Trees

pine, spruce, fir.

Canada

boreal forest region.

Russia

boreal forest region.

Scandinavia

boreal forest region.

Grassland Biomes

dominated by grasses; few trees; fires/grazing.

Savannas

tropical grasslands with scattered trees.

Tropical Savannas

savannas with tropical climates and seasonal rainfall.

Savanna Characteristics

grasses, scattered trees, large grazing mammals, frequent fires.

African Savanna

example of tropical savanna.

Temperate Grasslands

mid-latitude grasslands with varied seasons.

Prairies of North America

example of temperate grassland.

Steppes of Eurasia

example of temperate grassland.

Desert Biomes

very low precipitation; sparse vegetation.

Hot Deserts

subtropical regions; high temperatures year-round.

Sahara Desert

example of hot desert.

Arabian Desert

example of hot desert.

Cold Deserts

temperate regions with cold winters.

Tundra Biomes

extremely low temperatures; short growing seasons; permafrost.

Arctic Tundra

high-latitude tundra around the Arctic Circle.

Alpine Tundra

high-altitude tundra; no permafrost; grasses/shrubs.

Permafrost

permanently frozen soil.

Arctic Circle

high-latitude region around the North Pole.

Mosses

low-growing plants common in tundra.

Lichens

symbiotic organisms common in tundra.

Dwarf Shrubs

small shrubs in tundra environments.

Caribou

arctic tundra mammal.

Arctic Foxes

arctic tundra mammals.

Mountain Ecosystems

higher elevations; cooler temperatures; unique flora/fauna.

Freshwater Ecosystems

rivers, lakes, wetlands; support diverse life.

Rivers

flowing water ecosystems.

Lakes

standing freshwater ecosystems.

Wetlands

water-saturated soils; specialized plants.

Mangrove Forests

coastal forests; habitat and coastal protection.

Mangroves

coastal trees; habitat and protection.

Coral Triangle

region with highest marine biodiversity.

Philippines Context

tropical location and archipelagic nature affect biomes.

Tropical Rainforests

high biodiversity; significant rainfall.

Biodiversity Hotspots

areas with exceptionally high biodiversity.

Ecosystems

complex, dynamic networks of living things and environment.

Habitat

the natural environment of an organism.

Climate Regulation

forests help regulate climate.

Carbon Sequestration

forests store carbon in biomass and soil.

Amazon Biodiversity

high biodiversity within the Amazon rainforest.

Congo Basin Biodiversity

high biodiversity within the Congo tropical forest.

Pacific Ocean

large saltwater body; part of marine systems.

Estuarine Ecosystems

ecosystems at estuaries; mix of freshwater/marine species.

Coral Reef Biodiversity

high diversity of life in coral reefs.

Rivers and Streams Diversity

diverse species adapted to flowing water.

Lakes Biodiversity

varied plants and animals in standing water.

Wetland Plants

plants adapted to saturated soils.

Arctic Marine Life

marine life adapted to cold polar waters.

Tundra Flora

mosses, lichens, and dwarf shrubs.

Tundra Fauna

caribou, arctic foxes, and other cold-adapted species.

Desert Adaptations

specialized traits allowing survival in arid environments.

Desert Plants

cacti and succulents adapted to water conservation.

Desert Animals

species adapted to heat and dehydration.

Permafrost Definition

permanently frozen soil layer.

Arctic Flora and Fauna

organisms adapted to extreme cold.

High-latitude Ecosystems

ecosystems near the poles.

Tropical Biodiversity

extremely high biodiversity in tropical regions.

Temperate Biodiversity

biodiversity in mid-latitude forests.

Forest Carbon Storage

forests store carbon in trees and soil.