Hardware & Software ISMN 2140

Hardware

refers to the Physical parts/accessories of a computer

Software

is the set of instructions that is stored and run by hardware [Digital]

Who Invented the World’s 1st Computer?

Charles Babbage between 1833 & 1871

World’s 1st Computer

Unfortunately, the technology of the day couldn't deliver on Babbage's ambitious designs. It wasn't until 1991 that his particular ideas were finally translated into a functioning computer. That's when the Science Museum in London built, to Babbage's exact specifications, his difference engine. It stands 11 feet long and 7 feet tall (more than 3 meters long and 2 meters tall), contains 8,000 moving parts and weighs 5 tons (4.5 metric tons).

Mainframes

Computers came out in around the 1940’s/1950’s

• Large: took up entire rooms

• Only select employees were trained/authorized to use

• Today: Handle large transaction processing (Banks, Gov’t, Retail, Airlines, Healthcare…).

• Accessed by 1,000’s of users

Personal Computers

• January 1983 Apple Lisa

• August 1981 IBM 5150 Personal Computer

• Altair 8800 Ed Roberts Popular Mechanics Magazine Advertised for $397 in January 1975 issue

Personal Computers

In the late 1980’s / early 1990’s, personal computers became increasingly more popular in business (mainly due to word processors & spreadsheet applications [Microsoft Office] being released)

Hardware:

Keyboards , Speakers, Mice, Cameras , Monitors, Printers , Scanners

Motherboard

Circuit Board

allows communication between crucial electrical/computer components

Hard Drive:

Storage Space

Files / Pictures

Hard Drive

Storage Space

Files / Pictures

CPU Central Processing Unit

“brain of the computer”

executes programs

speed

Graphics Card:

Graphics cards have a GPU

The video card creates graphics and images shown on the monitor

(GPU) Graphical Processor Unit

Faster

Gaming/Bitcoin Mining/AI/ Data Analysis

speed

Graphics Card:

Laptops use Ribbon Cables

Important for gamers / speed that the pixels load helps in game play

Memory:

Programs/applications store instructions in memory

Speed

Memory

Temp storage area that holds all the data and instructions that the CPU needs to execute actions

Speed

Network Card

(Wired & Wireless)

Allows your computer to connect to the network and internet.

most computers have an integrated (built-in) network card in the motherboard.

Other Hardware Components of a Computer

USB / HDMI Ports Heat Sinks Fans Speakers Battery

Hardware (servers):

Networking Hardware (Routers, Switches, Hubs, Gateways, etc…)

Software

is the set of instructions that is stored and run by hardware.

Digital

Software examples:

office, bank of america, pdf adobe , instagram, clash of clans LinkedIn

Software

PCs/Servers

BIOS (basic input/output system)

UEFI(Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)

- included with computers on the motherboard

- id’s & tests hardware/software/drivers used by the operating system

- allows hardware (video cards, usb ports, etc…) to be accessed by the operating system

- Settings - boot sequence, date/time (CMOS battery)

Layers of Software

PCs/Servers/ Mobile Devices

• Operating System (Windows/ Apple IOS/ Android)

• BIOS

• Applications / Programs

The Cloud

Applications used to commonly be installed locally on the computer and /or connect to an application server to run. Files were stored on the local hard drive.

The Cloud

“The Cloud” just means that the application is installed on a “remote” server and you access it via the internet from your computer (or any computer/phone/device with internet access). Or files (i.e. pictures) are stored on remote hard drives and accessed via the internet.

The Cloud:

Amazon, Microsoft, Google & other Cloud Providers

Maintain huge buildings & worldwide networks of servers/hard drives run applications, store data and analyze data for organizations (& individuals) for a fee

The Cloud

Amazon, Microsoft, Google & other Cloud Providers

- Manage services and storage

- Maintain servers (Update/replace hardware)

• __________________________

• ________________________________

- Ensure customers can access their data/systems 100%* of the time

- Keep data secure (cyber security)