Chapter 3 Child Development study guide

What are the two main functions that families perform?

1) help meet each other's basic need

2) prepare children to live in society

How do families meet their children's physical needs?

By providing the basic needs of food, clothing, and shelter, as well as health, and safety needs.

How do families meed their children's emotional needs?

By giving the child a chance to love, and be loved, to care, and be cared for, to help others, and receive help.

How do families meet their children's social needs?

By teaching the child sharing, and teamwork.

How do families meet their children's intellectual needs?

By teaching concepts such as language, numbers, and colors.

How do families pass on values?

Through example, communication, and religious training.

After his parents divorced, Ryan lived with his mother. In this case, who was Ryan's custodial parent - his father or his mother?

mother

Name and describe three ways that a child may join a family other than as the family's biological child.

By adoption, which is when a family becomes the legal guardians of a child. Another way is if some one in that family becomes that child's legal guardian, this is when a person is designated by a legal process to assume responsibility for raising a child. Another way is if the family becomes the child's foster family, this is when they place a child, that was from a troubled family, into the temporary care of another family or person.

Describe the couple stage of the family life cycle.

Couples grow closer as they share activities. They work to establish a home, and marriage relationship.

Describe the expanding stage of the family life cycle.

The arrival of a child signals the beginning of parenthood. The couple prepares for, and adjusts to parenthood.

Describe the developing stage of the family life cycle.

As children grow, parents work to meet the children's changing needs. The focus of the family is the socialization, and developing independence of children.

Describe the launching stage of the family life cycle.

Children gradually leave home to support themselves. Parent help their children adapt to living on their own.

Describe the middle stage of the family life cycle.

A couple renews their relationship, and prepares for retirement. They may have time, and money for special interest. If all of the couple's children have lift home, its called the "empty nest" stage.

Describe the retirement stage of the family life cycle.

The couple stops full-time work and adjust to having more free time. Life may be slower paced, but couples still enjoy each other's company.

Identify three sources of support available to families under stress.

You can consult a professional, such as a family doctor. Also local family service agencies would be another resource that would help. Finally, local hospitals, or place of worship may provide lists of support groups.

How does spending time together help to build strong families?

The form stronger bonds, and traditions.

Name one value that a family may share

honesty

Identify three ways families can handle conflict.

Be an active listener, keep cool, and use positive body language.

Name and describe three categories of children's needs.

Physical needs, these include food, clothing, and shelter. Emotional and Social needs, the child's need to feel safe, loved, and cared for. This allows the child to learn how to make friends, and work with other people. Intellectual needs, the need of stimulation, and the opportunity to learn about the world, and become educated.

How are children affected by deprivation?

They tend to lag behind other children in their overall development.

Identify the parenting style in the next sentence: Zoe was playing ball in the house, which was against the rules. When she broke a lamp, her mother asked Zoe what punishment she would receive.

Assertive-Democratic

Identify the parenting style in the next sentence: Shauna did not take out the trash as she was instructed to do, and her father scolded her quickly and firmly.

authoritarian

Identify the parenting style in the next sentence: When Jeff drew pictures on his bedroom wall, his parents ignored it.

permissive

Describe three outcomes of effective guidance.

The child learns to control their feeling in acceptable ways, they also learn how to get along with others, and they also learn the difference between what is right, and wrong.

Identify and give an example of three basic ways that parents can encourage appropriate behavior.

One way is being a positive role models. An example of how to be a positive role model is if you trying to teach your child to be polite to others, then you need to be polite as well. Another way is to set limits. An example of setting limits, is by having some words, the child is not aloud to say. One more way is to use positive reinforcement. You can give positive reinforcement by praising a child when she cleans her room without being asked.

How does setting limits help children grow into responsible adults?

It helps them understand expectations and acceptable behavior. It also helps them develop self-control.

What are three questions parents should consider in setting limits?

Does the limit allow the child to learn, explore, and grow? Is the limit fair and appropriate for the child's age? Does the limit benefit the child, or is it just for the adult's convenience.

When thinking about how to respond to misbehavior, what three questions caregivers should consider?

Is the expected behavior appropriate, given the child's age and development? Does the child understand that the behavior was wrong? Did the child do the behavior knowingly, and deliberately, or was it beyond the child's control?

What message should caregivers convey when they punish a child?

That correct behavior is important, and teach them that there are consequences for poor choices. Also they should show they disprove of the behavior, but that they still love the child.

Identify the type of negative reinforcement used:

Sam loved to go to the park. When he continued to break the rule about not riding his scooter in the street, his father told him that they would not go to the park that day

loss of privileges

Identify the type of negative reinforcement used:

In spite of her mother's warning, Carley jumped on her favorite toy and broke it. Her mother did not replace the toy. Carley had to do without.

natural consequences

Identify the type of negative reinforcement used:

When Joey continued to hit other children after repeated warnings, the preschool teacher instructed him to sit in the "quiet chair" for five minutes.

time-out

Identify the type of negative reinforcement used:

Jacob's mother told Jacob to stop running his toy truck into his sister. When he continued, she told him that she was taking his truck away for the day.

logical consequences

Name a poor disciplinary method and explain why it is not effective.

Shaming or belittling: it can make the child feel worthless.

Why is consistency important when guiding children's behavior?

It helps the child know what is expected of them. And lets them know what responses to expect from parent.