Statistics Unit 3

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Convenience sample

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18 Terms

1

Convenience sample

individuals in the sample are obtained by ‘proximity’ to the researcher

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2

Voluntary sample

individuals have the choice to be included in the sample

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3

Simple random sample (SRS)

each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen for the sample

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4

Stratified random sample

the population is separated into groups (strata) and an SRS is collected for each of the strata

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5

Cluster sample

the population is separated into groups (clusters) and a RNG is used to select clusters where every individual in that cluster is sampled

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6

Systematic random sample

A RNG is used to select a random individual (starting point) in the population and every nth individual is selected afterwards

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7

Undercoverage

some people are less likely to be chosen

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8

Nonresponse

people can’t be reached or refuse to answer

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9

Response bias

problems in the data gathering instrument/process

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10

Confounding variable

“extra” variable that affects both the response and explanatory variable

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11

Observational study

no treatment imposed; can NOT prove causation

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12

Experiment

treatment imposed; can prove causation

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13

Experimental units

who/what the treatment is given to

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14

Treatment

what is done/not done to the experimental units

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15

Control group

doesn’t get treatment; used as a baseline

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16

Single-blind experiment

either experimenter or experimental units don’t know who gets the treatments

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17

Randomized block design

separate subjects into blocks and then randomly assign treatments within each block

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18

Matched pairs design

subjects are placed in blocks of size two and then randomly assigned treatment

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