Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to human anatomy and physiology, including definitions and explanations of foundational concepts.

Anatomy

The study of the structure and morphology of body parts and their relationship to one another.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the human body and its parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities.

Gross Anatomy

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye.

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of structures too small to be seen by the naked eye.

Cytology

The microscopic study of cells.

Histology

The microscopic study of tissues.

Developmental Anatomy

The study of anatomical and physiological development throughout life.

Embryology

The study of developments before birth.

Gerontology

The study of the process of aging and the particular problems of old people.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment.

Negative Feedback

The most-used feedback mechanism in the body where the response reduces or shuts off the original stimulus.

Positive Feedback

A feedback mechanism that enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus.

Serous Membranes

Membranes that secrete serous fluid to prevent friction between layers.

Integumentary System

A system that provides protection, regulates body temperature, and allows sensory reception.

Cardiovascular System

A system responsible for the transportation of gases, nutrients, blood cells, and wastes.

Respiratory System

A system responsible for the exchange of gases.

Digestive System

A system that receives food, breaks it down, and excretes waste.

Anatomical Position

The standard position of the body used as a reference point: standing erect, facing forward, upper limbs at the sides, and palms facing forward.

Axial Portion

The part of the body that consists of the head, neck, and trunk.

Appendicular Portion

The part of the body that consists of the upper and lower limbs.