Jane Austen's "Love and Friendship," James Joyce's "Araby," and DeQuincey's "Confession of an English Opium Eater"

Irony 1

She has passed two years at one of the first boarding schools in London, has spent a fortnight (two weeks) in Bath, and has supped one night in Southampton.

Hyperbole 1

Isabel has seen the world.

Text Structure

There is a time jump from the sixth to the seventh letter. Laura is married to Lindsay and she feels like Lindsay is not happy with her marriage.

Character archetype

Marianne is an innocent youth because she is young and does not participate in any dangerous tasks nor gets into abusive relationships. Laura is writing her these letters, so she can learn the lessons

First letter

Isabel questions Laura about sharing misfortunes with her daughter.

Second letter

Laura plans to impart a valuable lesson to Isabel's daughter based on her own experiences.

Third letter

Laura narrates her family's prestigious history and asserts that misfortunes do not diminish her status.

Fourth letter

Laura exaggerates her experiences, claiming to have traveled extensively and avoided unpleasant places.

Fifth letter

Laura's family encounters homeless men seeking shelter, highlighting social class differences and Laura's sensitivity.

Sixth letter

A homeless man reveals his background and attraction to Laura, leading to a significant encounter.

Seventh letter

Laura and Edward face opposition to their marriage from Edward's disapproving aunt.

Eighth letter

After lady Dorothea leaves, Sir Edward unexpectedly visits and admonishes Edward for his marriage to Laura. Edward defends his marriage with Edward, and claims that he is happy that he displeased his father. In addition, Laura and Edward take Sir Edward's carriage and drive up to Edward's friend's Agustus's house. Augustus is married to Sophia. Sophia and Laura become close friends and share their secrets with one another.

Ninth letter:

Laura and Edward receive a letter from Philippa saying that Sir Edward and Augusta went back to Bedfordshire after the married couple departed. Then, Philippa is married to a fortune-hunter, and Laura argies that her stay with sophia and Augustis was happy. However, Augustus is arrested for unpaid debts since he took his father's money when he left to marry Sophia.

Tenth letter

Edward visits his imprisoned friend, and Laura goes to Sophia's house to leave before the officers come. Then, they ask the residents if they have seen Edward, but they have not because Laura and Sophia are moving too fast in their carriage. In addition, Sophia tells Laura that she would rather not see Augustus because of his misfortune. Therefore, they return to the country.

Eleventh letter:

Laura and Sophia travel to Scotland to visit Sophia's relatives. Then, the two ladies go into an inn. They see these carriages, and she notices that one of them may belong to Sophia's grandfather. The man claims that he is Sophia's grandfather. In addition, multiple youths come into the room and exclaim that he is the grandchild of Lord St Clair's fourth daughter. Lord St Clair writes the four grandchildren banknotes and leaves.

Twelfth letter

Laura and Sophia faint after Lord St. Clair leaves. After they have woken up, the male grandchildren are gone, along with the banknotes. In addition, MacDonald, Sophie's cousin, take them to MacDonald hall. The two ladies ride with Janetta, MacDonald's daughter. In addition, Graham cannot marry Janetta because she does not have auburn hair, and Graham has no soul. However, Janetta falls in love with a man named Captain M'Kenzie. Laura and Sophia persuade Captain to secretly marry Janetta through a letter. Janetta and M'Kenzie leave for Gretna-Green to get married.

Thirteenth letter

Sophia finds banknotes in a private drawer, and she gets caught by MacDonald for stealing money. MacDonald criticizes Sophia for finding his banknotes as revenge for Janetta marrying M'Kenzie. Further, Laura and Sophia settle on a stream to take a break, and she thinks about the situation her husband has gotten into. Suddenly, the two ladies saw Edward and Agustus get into an accident, therefore, Augustus is bleeding. Shocked, Sophia faints, and Laura starts to run. Laura asks what happened since Augustus was taken to jail, instead, he does not tell her and dies. The women walk to a cottage, and Sophia and Laura meet their daughter Bridget.

Fourteenth letter

Sophia is experiencing extreme pain in her limbs, and the pain leads to tuberculosis. She tells Laura that she is dying as a martyr to Augustus. Then, Laura rides in a stagecoach with Sir Edward, Augusta, Lady Dorothea, Phillipa and the rest of the gang. Augusta realizes that she is the heiress of Sir Edward's Fortunes.

Fifteenth letter

The coach stops for breakfast, and Philander and Gustavus question the thief who took the banknotes. They took 900 pounds and ran away. They divided the money and spent it on numerous things. In addition, Philander and Gustavus are in plays, they give Laura 400 pounds of year because she is the widow of her son, Sir Edward marries Lady Dorothea, Philander and Gustavus move to covent garden, and Philippa's husband continues to drive the stagecoach from Edinburgh to sterling

Fall 1

The characters in the story all experience some sort of fate. For example, Sophia dies from tuberculosis, Augustus enters into debtors prison, Edward disobeys his father, and Laura gets caught by MacDonald for stealing banknotes.

Journey 1

Edward and Laura have a romantic journey, from its happy beginning to its tough ending.

Problems characters face 1

- Many of the characters in the story experience a fall. Sarah develops tuberculosis and unfortunately, dies. Augustus is arrested for unpaid debts, therefore, he goes to debtor's prison.
- Edward disobeys his father and takes his father's carriage to his friend's house.
- Laura and Sarah decide to go to London to look for Edward, but they do not see him.

Are these problems solved?

- No, Edward disobeying his father is not solved because he loves Laura and would never do anything to annul the marriage.
- Yes, Laura and Sophia decided not to look for Edward because they do not want to get in trouble with the police, instead, they go back to the cottage.

Theme 1

- Love has the ability cause people to do regrettable things that will hinder their relationship.
- Rebellion and revolution is considered conventional.

Simile 2

My body was like a harp and her words and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.

Imagery 2

I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. I bore my chalice safely through a throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of tears (I could not tell why) and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom.

Text structure

A coming of age story where the little boy experiences his first love with a girl.

Innocent youth

the boy's crush who does not do anything wrong to the boy.

Journey

The boy encounters an emotional journey. He has a massive crush on this girl who he meets on the street and is his friend's sister. He asks her if she would like to go to the bazaar. He asks her if she is going to the bazaar Araby. He asks if the girl wants anything from there. The response is unknown.

Summary 1

- These groups of children are in a school house, and one of the boys moved into this old, musty apartment where the priest died in the drawing room.
- The boys played in the street till dusk, until one of them saw a beautiful girl named Mangan, whom the boy had a crush on. He was hesitant to talk to her and confess his feelings towards her, so he remained silent.

Summary 2

- The main character goes into the drawing room, and he hears voices. At first, he assumes the priest is talking to him, but it was actually the main character's crush. She asked if he was going to Araby, this Irish bazaar/festival-like event. The main character forgot that he asked yes or no, and he asked his crush if she was going. She told him that she can't because she has to go on a religious retreat.

Summary 3

- The main character tells his crush that he will bring something for her when he goes to the bazaar. He asks her strange questions—that is, if she is going to the bazaar Araby. He asks if the girl wants anything from there. She doesn't tell him that she wants something from Araby.

Summary 4

The boy comes home and notices that his uncle is not there. He then goes upstairs and sees the school children playing in the street. Then, he goes downstairs and sees Mrs Mercer sitting by the fire. The boy's uncle is still not home yet. In addition, Mrs Mercer criticizes the boy for going to the bazaar instead of praising the Lord.

problems characters face

- The problem is that the girl does not like the boy back. She feels as if she is too old for him to be in a serious relationship with.
- The boy is too infatuated with this girl whom he barely knows. He is hesitant to talk to her at first, but he eventually does. He then uses complex words and figurative language to describe her physical appearance and the vibes he has with her.

Simile 3

Then like a chorus, the passion deepened.

Imagery 3

And a more striking picture there could not be imagined than the beautiful English face of the girl, and its exquisite fairness, together with her erect and independent attitude, contrasted with the sallow and bilious skin of the Malay, enameled or veneered with mahogany by marine air, his small, fierce, restless eyes, thin lips, slavish gestures and adorations.

Imagery 3 (2)

Hers was a case of ordinary occurrence (as I have since had reason to think), and one in which, if London beneficence had better adapted its arrangements to meet it, the power of the law might oftener be interposed to protect and to avenge. But the stream of London charity flows in a channel which, though deep and mighty, is yet noiseless and underground; not obvious or readily accessible to poor houseless wanderers; and it cannot be denied that the outside air and framework of London society is harsh, cruel, and repulsive.

Allusion 3

Piranesi's Antiquities of Rome, Mr. Coleridge, who was standing by, described to me a set of plates by that artist, called his Dreams, and which record the scenery of his own visions during the delirium of a fever.

A diary-type novella that records his experiences on opium.

What is the text structure of "Confessions of..."?

The hero

DeQuincey because he wanted to save his life by weaning from opium because he kept experiencing strange dreams that lead him to think that real people were attacking him.

Fall

DeQuiney experiences a fall that impacts his life. He witnessed his wife cheating on him, therefore, he decided to take opium as a painkiller to numb the pain and sadness he is experiencing. In the second half of the story, he describes the withdrawals and his dreams in stages. He then makes references to Piranesi and Coleridge, and then describes his experiences on opium in a poem.

Summary 1 (AA)

DeQuincey describes his relationship he has with women (i.e., he feels no romantic connection with them), claims that a philosopher should focus on connections with other people instead of himself, and meets a woman who may be his imagination, telling him to quit opium.

Summary 2 (AA)

This woman felt sorrow for DeQuincey because of his opium addiction. She was walking with the narrator, and he fell backwards into her bosom. In addition, the narrator argues that he should've died, but instead, the woman brought him wine and spices to perhaps cure him.

Problem character faces

DeQuincey is addicted to opium to cope with the pains from his wife's affair with another man. He tries to wean from it by taking 1/8th of his dose, but he keeps experiencing withdrawal symptoms. He has these strange dreams every night that he describes in steps.

Problems solved?

His problems do not get solved. He is still suffering the withdrawal symptoms that he experienced with opium. He wishes people who are drug addicts a speedy recovery.

Important statements

I believe that all minds which have contemplated such objects as deeply as I have done, must, for their own protection from utter despondency, have early encouraged and cherished some tranquillisation belief as to the future balances and the hieroglyphic meanings of human sufferings.

DeQuincey's dreams:

a symbol of his opium addiction because they can cause people to have strange dreams and hallucinations.

Opium

a highly addictive drug that was used as a painkiller in the 18th century. DeQuincey did not know that it was highly addictive, therefore, he tried to wean from it, but he experienced withdrawals.