HRT3MI Exam Review Flashcards

Flashcards for HRT3MI Exam Review

Monism

Belief in one impersonal ultimate reality

Agnostic

Uncertain whether god exists

Pantheist

Believes that God is present only in nature

Monotheist

Only one god exists

Atheist

Denies the existence of God

Polytheist

Many gods

Cosmocentric

Views nature as an expression of God

Theocentric

Views God as the source and center of life

Anthropocentric

Views humans as the center of the universe

Humanism

Christian, scientific, and secular worldviews.

Secular humanism

Combines secularism with humanism, emphasizing human values and the importance of reason, ethics, and justice, without relying on religious doctrines.

Great Spirit

The creator of the universe and sustainer of life, can inhabit all things and has divine powers

Smudging

Sacred smoke ritual for purification

Powwow

A dance that celebrates renewal, restoration of relationships, healing

Sacred Pipe

A symbol of respect and friendship, connecting to the Great Spirit

Potlatch

It commemorates significant family events like birth, death, or the chief taking new office.

Harvest Feast

Giving food back to the earth as a thing of thanks

Puja

An act of worship offering prayers, food, flowers, and incense to deities

Ahimsa

A principle of non-violence and non-harming

Avatar

The incarnation of a deity in a physical form on Earth

Deities

The trimurti (Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva), and others.

Vedas

The oldest sacred texts; hymns, prayers, and rituals for priests

Upanishad

Philosophical tests exploring the nature of reality, soul (atman), and brahman

Ramayana

A story that teaches people to uphold righteousness (dharma), loyalty, and the importance of honour and duty

Laws of Manu

Foundational texts in Hinduism, outline ethical and legal codes of conduct.

Bhagavad-Gita

A story that teaches to do your duty selflessly without attachment to results

Mahabharata

A foundational text, recognized as both a historical narrative and a source of dharma

Mandir

The place of worship in Hinduism

Diwali

The festival of lights- celebrates the victory of light over darkness.

Holi

The festival of colours, celebrates the victory of good over evil.

Brahman

The ultimate reality or universal spirit

Atman

The individual soul, and each soul comes from Brahman

Samsara

The continuous cycle of birth, death, and rebirth

Karma

Actions that carry on to our next lives

Moksha

Liberation from samsara and unity with Brahman

Maya

The illusion that our individual selves are separate from the greater whole

Dharma

Our duty in life

The Path of Devotion (Bhakti Yoga)

This path provides Hindus with an opportunity to worship their chosen God or Goddess through prayer, pilgrimage, and devoting actions to him or her.

The Path of Action (Karma Yoga)

It involves doing good deeds and thinking good thoughts to the best of your ability.

The Path of Knowledge (Jnana Yoga)

Involves three steps: learning, thinking, and viewing.

The Path of Meditation (Raja Yoga)

Involves extreme concentration so that the person meditating forgets everything around him/her, including him/herself.

Brahmins

Priests, scholars, teachers

Kshatriyas

Warriors, rulers

Vaishyas

Merchants, farmers

Shudras

Servants, laborers

Dalit

Untouchables

Student Life

Learning, celibacy, discipline

Householder

Marriage, family, work, community

Retirement

Detachment from material life, spiritual focus

Forest-Dweller

Giving up worldly life to attain moksha

Brahma

The creator

Vishnu

The preserver

Shiva

The destroyer

Enlightenment

Reaching a clear understanding

Nirvana

A perfect place of peace and happiness, like heaven

Zen

A school of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes meditation as the primary path to enlightenment

Buddha

Founder of Buddhism

Tripitaka

The three baskets: discipline, discourse, and further teachings

Dalai Lama

The spiritual leader of Buddhism

Middle Way

All extremes are to be avoided, everything in moderation

Dharma Day

Marks the beginning of Buddha’s teachings. A day to show thanks to Buddha and other enlightened teachers for sharing their knowledge.

Vesak

Celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Siddhartha Gautama

Sutra

Scripture

Impermanence (Anicca)

Nothing in the world stays the same; everything is changing

Suffering (Dukka)

All life involves suffering

No Self (Anatta)

Nothing is enduring about animals or humans

Dukkha (Suffering)

Every being in the world is to suffer

Samduaya (Cause of Suffering)

The cause of suffering is our selfish desires and believing that the “self” is real

Nirodha (End of Suffering)

The way to end our suffering is to end our selfish desires and stop believing that our self is real

Magga (The Eightfold Path)

To end our selfish desires and stop believing in ourselves, we must follow the Eightfold Path

Right View

Know the truth

Right Intention

Free your mind of evil

Right Speech

Say nothing that hurts others

Right Action

Work for the good of others

Right Livelihood

Respect life

Right Effort

Resist evil

Right Concentration

Practice meditation

Right Mindfulness

Control your thoughts

First Precept of Buddhism

No Killing

Second Precept of Buddhism

No Stealing

Third Precept of Buddhism

No Sexual Abuse

Fourth Precept of Buddhism

No Dishonesty

Fifth Precept of Buddhism

No Alcohol and Drugs

Mahayana

“Great Vehicle”, Emphasizes compassion and helping others reach enlightenment, Followers aim to become bodhisattvas

Theravada

“Teaching of the Elders”, Oldest branch, Focuses on personal enlightenment through meditation and wisdom, Followers aim to become an arhat

Vajrayana

“Diamond Vehicle”, Combines elements of Theravada and Mahayana, Believe in achieving enlightenment in one lifetime

Talmud

The central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law and theology

Anti-Semitism

Discrimination against Jewish people as a whole

Abraham

The father of the Jewish people. God made a covenant with him, promising land and descendants

Torah

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible (the most sacred text)

Passover

It commemorates the Israelites' liberation from slavery in ancient Egypt

Rosh Hashanah

Jewish New Year

Hanukkah

Festival of lights; celebrates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem and the miracle of the oil

Yom Kippur

A day of atonement. It's the holiest day in Judaism, marked by fasting and prayer

Purim

It celebrates the story of Queen Esther saving the Jews from Haman in Persia

Shema

A central declaration of Jewish faith

Orthodox Judaism

Strictest interpretation of Jewish law

Conservative Judaism

Traditional yet open to modern changes

Reform Judaism

More liberal and modern, adapts traditions

Torah (Law)

First 5 books of the Tanakh