4. Inorganic Chemistry

Comprehensive flashcards covering inorganic chemistry flame tests, anion and cation groups, color reactions, radiopharmaceuticals, and common chemical names.

Which metal produces a persistent golden yellow flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Sodium ($Na$)

What is the visual result of Sodium ($Na$) in a flame test when viewed under cobalt glass?

Nil

Which metal produces a violet flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Potassium ($K$)

What color is the potassium flame when viewed through cobalt glass?

Crimson

Which metal produces a carmine red flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Lithium ($Li$)

What color is the lithium flame when viewed through cobalt glass?

Purple

Which metal produces a brick red flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Calcium ($Ca$)

What color is the calcium flame when viewed through cobalt glass?

Light green

Which metal produces a crimson flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Strontium ($Sr$)

What color is the strontium flame when viewed through cobalt glass?

Purple

Which metal produces a yellowish green flame in a non-luminous flame test?

Barium ($Ba$)

What color is the barium flame when viewed through cobalt glass?

Bluish-green

What color flame do Borate ($BO_3^{-1}$), Copper ($Cu$), and Thallium ($Tl$) produce?

Green

What color flame is associated with Phosphorus ($P$)?

Green

What color flame do Bismuth ($Bi$), Lead ($Pb$), Arsenic ($As$), and Antimony ($Sb$) produce?

Blue

Which metal produces a blue flame in a non-luminous flame test and a yellow flame under cobalt glass?

Cobalt ($Co$)

What is the visual flame test result for Ammonium ($NH_4^{+1}$)?

Colorless

Which anions are members of Anion Group I?

$Cl^{-}$, $Br^{-}$, $I^{-}$

What precipitate is formed when Anion Group I reacts with $1M$ $AgNO_3$ + $6M$ $HNO_3$?

$AgCl$ (white), $AgBr$ (cream), and $AgI$ (yellow)

Is the precipitate of Anion Group I formed with silver nitrate soluble in $HNO_3$?

No, it is insoluble in $HNO_3$

Does Anion Group I form a precipitate with $1M$ $BaCl_2$ + $HNO_3$?

No ppt.

Which anions are members of Anion Group II?

$NO_2^{-}$, $S^{-2}$, $C_2H_3O_4^{-}$

What is the visual result of Anion Group II when reacted with silver nitrate and nitric acid?

Black precipitate of $AgS$ (soluble in $HNO_3$); $NO_2$ and $C_2H_3O_2$ produce no precipitate

Does Anion Group II form a precipitate with barium chloride and nitric acid?

No ppt.

Which anions are members of Anion Group III?

$SO_3^{-2}$, $CO_3^{-2}$, $C_2O_4^{-2}$

What is the result when Anion Group III reacts with silver nitrate and nitric acid?

White precipitate soluble in $HNO_3$

What precipitates are formed when Anion Group III reacts with barium chloride and nitric acid?

White precipitates of $BaSO_4$, $CaSO_4$, and $BaC_2O_4$ (all soluble in $HNO_3$)

Which anions belong to Anion Group IV?

$PO_4^{-3}$, $AsO_4^{-3}$, $CrO_4^{-2}$

What are the specific colors of Group IV precipitates with silver nitrate and nitric acid?

$Ag_3PO_4$ (yellow), $Ag_3AsO_4$ (brown), and $Ag_2CrO_4$ (red)

What is the solubility of Anion Group IV silver precipitates in $HNO_3$?

All precipitates are soluble in $HNO_3$

What are the results of Anion Group IV reacting with barium chloride?

$BaCrO_4$ (yellow), $Ba_3(PO_3)_2$ (white), and $Ba_3(AsO_4)_2$ (white)

Are the barium precipitates of Anion Group IV soluble in $HNO_3$?

Yes, all precipitates are soluble in $HNO_3$

Which anions are members of Anion Group V?

$NO_3^{-}$ and $ClO^{-}$

Does Anion Group V form any precipitate with either silver nitrate or barium chloride reagents?

No ppt. for both

Which anion is the sole member of Anion Group VI?

$$SO_4^{-2}$$

Does Anion Group VI ($SO_4^{-2}$) form a precipitate with silver nitrate?

No ppt.

What is the visual result of Anion Group VI with barium chloride?

White precipitate soluble in $HNO_3$

Which cations belong to Group I?

$Pb^{+2}$, $Hg^{+2}$, $Ag^{+2}$

What is the primary characteristic of Cation Group I?

Insoluble chloride group

How do Cation Group I members react with dilute $HCl$?

They form a precipitate

List the members of Cation Group II.

$Hg^{+2}$, $Bi^{+3}$, $Cu^{+2}$, $Cd^{+2}$, $As^{+3}$, $As^{+5}$, $Sb^{+3}$, $Sb^{+5}$, $Sn^{+2}$, $Sn^{+4}$

What is the characteristic of Cation Group II?

Acid insoluble sulfide

How does Cation Group II react with $HCl$?

They do not react with $HCl$

How does Cation Group II react with $H_2S$ in a dilute mineral acid medium?

They form a precipitate

With which reagent does Cation Group II form precipitates in neutral and ammoniacal solution?

$$(NH_4)_2S$$

Which cations are in Group III?

$Fe^{+2}$, $Fe^{+3}$, $Al^{+3}$, $Cr^{+3}$, $Cr^{+6}$, $Ni^{+3}$, $CO^{+2}$, $Mn^{+2}$, $Mn^{+7}$, $Zn^{+2}$

What is the characteristic of Cation Group III?

Base insoluble sulfides

Does Cation Group III react with $HCl$ or $H_2S$ in dilute mineral acid?

No reaction

Under what conditions does Cation Group III form precipitates with $(NH_4)_2S$?

In neutral or ammoniacal solution

Which cations belong to Group IV?

$Ba^{+2}$, $Ca^{+2}$, $Sr^{+2}$

What is the characteristic of Cation Group IV?

Sulfate insoluble groups

With which reagent does Cation Group IV form a precipitate in a neutral or slightly acidic medium?

$$NH_4Cl$$

Does Cation Group IV react with $HCl$, $H_2S$, or $(NH_4)_2S$?

No reaction

List the members of Cation Group V.

$Mg^{+2}$, $Na^{+}$, $K^{+}$, $NH_4^{+}$

What is the characteristic of Cation Group V?

Soluble group

How does Sodium ($Na$) react with cobalt uranyl acetate in Cation Group V testing?

Forms a yellow precipitate

How does Potassium ($K$) react with sodium bitartrate in Cation Group V testing?

Forms a white precipitate

What is the test for Ammonium ($NH_4^{+}$) in Cation Group V?

Alkalinized vapors turn red litmus paper to blue

Which Group V cation is the only one to yield a precipitate with sodium biphosphate?

$$Mg^{+2}$$

What is the clinical use of Technetium $99m$-Phytate?

Liver imaging & potency studies

What is the clinical use of Technetium $99m$-Heptagluconate?

Kidney imaging & determining renal function

What is the clinical use of Technetium $99m$-IDA?

Hepatobiliary studies

What is the clinical use of Technetium $99m$-Elidronate?

Bone imaging

What is the clinical use of Technetium $99m$-Injection?

Brain Scanning

What is the clinical use of $Tc$ $99m$ Albumin Aggregated Injection?

Lung Scanning

What is the clinical use of $Tc$ $99m$ Pyrophosphate?

Cardiac Infarct Imaging

What is the clinical use of $I$-$131$-Human Serum Albumin?

Blood plasma volume/ cardiac output determination

What is the clinical use of Iodohippurate $I$ $131$ Injection?

Cardiac infarct imaging

What is the clinical use of $NaI$-$I125$?

Localization of ocular tumors

What is the clinical use of Sodium Phosphate Serum Albumin?

Thyroid Function

What is the clinical use of Cyanocobalamin $57$ Capsule?

Pernicious Anemia

What is the new unit for Radioactivity named after Henry Becquerel?

Becquerel ($Bq$)

How many disintegrations per second ($dps$) equals one Becquerel ($1Bq$)?

$$1Bq = 1dps$$

What is the old unit for Radioactivity?

Curie

What is the value of one Curie in disintegrations per second?

$$3.7 \times 10^{10}\,dps$$

What test for Acetate ($C_2H_3O_2^{-}$) involves Sulfuric acid + ethanol?

The creation of a fruity odor of ethyl acetate

What happens when Acetate reacts with Ferric chloride TS?

A brownish red or reddish brown ppt of basic acetates is formed

What is the result of adding Ammonium TS to Aluminum ($Al$)?

A gelatinous ppt which dissolves in excess Ammonium TS

What reagent produces a 'red lake' when reacted with Aluminum?

Aluminon reagent

Ammonium Thiocyanide ($NH_4SCN$) added to acidic cobalt solution produces what complex at the interface?

Intense blue colored complex ($Co(CNS)_4$)

What is the visual result of Ammonium Thiocyanide ($NH_4SCN$) added to Ferric salts?

Blood red ferric thiocyanate

What forms when Arsenates ($AsO_4^{-3}$) react with Silver nitrate TS?

Chocolate brown ppt soluble in nitric acid

What is formed when Arsenates react with Ammonium molybdate?

Yellow ppt

What is the visual result of Arsenites ($AsO_3^{-3}$) with Silver Nitrate?

Yellow ppt soluble in nitric acid

Which reagent is used as a differentiating test between arsenates and arsenites because it causes no reaction with arsenites?

Magnesia Mixture

A green bordered flame upon the addition of Sulfuric Acid + methanol indicates the presence of which ion?

Borates ($BO_3^{-3}$)

What color change occurs when Turmeric paper (curcumin) is used for Borate test after adding sodium hydroxide?

Orange turns to olive green

What color is produced when Turmeric paper is dipped into a solution of borate acidified with $HCl$?

Reddish brown or orange-red

What color does Carbon tetrachloride turn when reacting with Bromine ($Br$)?

Orange color

What occurs when a Carbonate ($CO_3^{-2}$) is in an acidic aqueous solution?

Effervescence

What is the result of the Silver nitrate test for Chloride ($Cl^{-}$)?

White curdy precipitate ($ppt$)

What is the solubility of the Chloride silver test precipitate?

Soluble in ammonia, insoluble in nitric acid

What mirror test is positive for Citrate ($C_6H_5O_7^{-3}$)?

Silver mirror test

How does Citrate react with excess $CaCl_2$ or $Ca(OH)_2$?

No ppt formed initially, but a white ppt forms which dissolves on cooling

What reagent distinguishes Citrates and Tartrates by color?

Pyridine + acetic anhydride ($3:1$) or Denige's reagent

What color do Citrates produce with Denige's reagent/Pyridine mixture?

Carmine Red

What color do Tartrates produce with Denige's reagent/Pyridine mixture?

Emerald Green

What happens when Sodium hydroxide is added to Chromium ($Cr$)?

A grayish green slug forms

In the Chromium test, what happens to the grayish green slug upon addition of sodium peroxide?

It dissolves and turns yellow

What forms when Sodium hydroxide is added to Cobalt ($Co$)?

Blue ppt of $Co(OH)_2$