Cultural deprivation theories

How does Bernsteins theory of language codes relate to ethnic differences in achievement?

Restricted code (common in working class/ethnic minority homes) is seen as a disadvantage in schools which use elaborated code

How does a lack of English proficiency impact educational achievement?

Englemann argued some children from low income black families lack the language skills needed for success

How do cultural attitudes affect achievement according to Murray (1984)?

Murray blames a dependency culture and lack of motivation in black families

What counterarguments exist against the idea that attitudes and values explain ethnic differences?

Driver (1997): positive aspects of culture (e.g. strong female role models in black Caribbean families) can boost achievement

How does family structure explain underachievement?

Moynihan (1965): lone parent black families lack male role models and struggle economically, leading to poor achievement

Why do critics argue cultural deprivation is a flawed explanation?

Keddie (1971): ethnic minorities are culturally different, not deprived. The education system should adapt to their strengths