Mathematics in the Modern World Lesson 1: Number Sense and Numerical Literacy

Vocabulary flashcards defining fundamental mathematical concepts, types of numbers, and numerical literacy terms based on the Lesson 1 transcript.

Mathematics

The study of numbers, patterns, shapes, quantities, and logical relationships used to solve problems.

Number Sense

The ability to understand numbers, compare them, estimate, and use them effectively.

Numerical Literacy

The ability to read, interpret, calculate, and use numerical information in daily life.

Natural Numbers

Counting numbers starting from $1$: $1, 2, 3, 4, \text{...}$

Whole Numbers

Natural numbers including zero: $0, 1, 2, 3, 4, \text{...}$

Integers

Whole numbers and their negative counterparts: $\text{...}, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, \text{...}$

Rational Numbers

Numbers that can be written as a fraction of two integers, where the denominator is not $0$.

Irrational Numbers

Numbers that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction. Their decimals never end and never repeat.

Real Numbers

All rational and irrational numbers combined.

Even Numbers

Integers divisible by $2$ without a remainder.

Odd Numbers

Integers that are not divisible by $2$.

Prime Numbers

Whole numbers greater than $1$ that have exactly two factors: $1$ and itself.

Composite Numbers

Whole numbers greater than $1$ that have more than two factors.

Decimal

A number with a whole part and a fractional part separated by a decimal point.

Fraction

A number representing a part of a whole, written as numerator over denominator.