1.2 Dar-al Islam

What religions shaped societies across Africa and Asia

Islam

Why was Timbuktu important in Islamic societies

It was a major center for trade and Islamic scholarship

Where were strong Jewish communities located

In North Africa and the Middle East

What influence did Christianity have in Byzantium and Ethiopia

It shaped art

Who founded Islam

Muhammad

What was Muhammad's profession before becoming a prophet

A merchant

What caused succession disputes after Muhammad’s death

No clear guidance on who should lead after him

What caliphate marked the Islamic Golden Age

The Abbasid Caliphate (750–1258 C.E.)

What were the three major Turkic states that formed after the Abbasid decline

Seljuk Empire

How did Islam expand

Through military conquest

What was the role of merchants in the spread of Islam

They helped spread Islamic beliefs along trade routes

What is a Sufi missionary

An Islamic preacher known for adapting Islam to local beliefs

How did Islamic scholars preserve classical knowledge

They translated and expanded on Greek

What was the House of Wisdom

An academic center in Baghdad for translation and learning

What are examples of Islamic intellectual innovations

Algebra

What did the Abbasid Caliphate contribute to Afro-Eurasia

A legacy of cultural

What does "Dar al-Islam" mean

"House of Islam" — areas under Muslim rule

What was the Umayyad Dynasty known for

Solving succession issues and expanding Islam rapidly

Where was the capital of the Umayyad Dynasty

Damascus

What led to the fall of the Umayyads

Discontent among non-Arab Muslims and Abbasid rebellion

Who founded the Abbasid Caliphate

Abu al-Abbas

How did the Abbasids take power

By overthrowing and killing Umayyad leaders

Where was the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate

Baghdad

What was Baghdad known for

Its wealth

Who was Harun al-Rashid

A famous Abbasid caliph known for patronizing arts and literature

What weakened the Abbasid Caliphate

Civil wars and Mongol invasions

What was Al-Andalus

A Muslim-ruled region in Iberia known for prosperity through trade