UW FMR RM Week 5

sensitivity

TRUE POSITIVE RATE: ability to identify those with a condition

specificity

TRUE NEGATIVE RATE: ability to exclude those without a condition

referral bias

those who complete screening may be healthier than those who do not

primary prevention

prevents initial occurrence of disease

secondary prevention

targets preclinical disease

tertiary prevention

targets complications of disease

positive predictive value

probability of having a disease given positive test

negative predictive value

probability of not having a disease given negative test

coefficient of variation

measures reliability; <10% is good

kappa statistic

number of tests that agree divided by total number of tests

positive likelihood ratio

sensitivity/(1 - specificity)

negative likelihood ratio

(1-sensitivity)/specificity

lead time bias

screening → early diagnosis → perceived longer survival

length bias

slowly progressing cases are detected before symptoms arise