Chapter 9 The Civil War

Robert E. Lee

a talented military leader and general of the confederate army

Greenbacks

A unit of paper currency first issued by the federal government during the Civil War

Copperheads

negative term given to antiwar northern Democrats during the Civil War

Conscription

military draft

Habeas Corpus

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

Trent Affair

-late 1861

-union warship stopped a British steamer and removed 2 confederate diplomats

Attrition

A gradual natural decrease in number; becoming fewer in number

Anaconda Plan

The union's three part plan for defeating the confederacy in the civil war (1) Blockade Southern Ports (2) Control the Mississippi River (3) Take the Southern Capital of Richmond Virginia

Implement

To put into action; execute

Thomas Jackson

A confederate general, nickname was stonewall, 2nd in command

Bounty

Money given as a reward, such as to encourage enlistment in the army

Blockade Runner

Ship that runs through a blockade, usually to smuggle goods through a protected area

David G. Farragut

was a flag officer of the United States Navy during the American Civil War- took over New Orleans

Ulysses S. Grant

commander of the victorious union army during the civil war, Total War, Later 18th President

George B. McClellan

lead the army of the Potomac, did not attack

Emancipation Proclamation

Document signed by Lincoln in 1863 freeing all enslaved people in the Confederacy.

54th Massachusetts

first all black regiment in the union army, fought at Fort Wagner, South Carolina

Hardtack

Thick hard cracker eaten by Civil War soldiers

Clara Barton

Nurse during the Civil War; founder of the American Red Cross

Prisoner of War

Soldiers captured by the enemy in battle.

Foraging

The seeking and obtaining of food.

Siege

the surrounding of a place by an army in order to capture it.

Gettysburg

General Lee invaded Pennsylvania because he wanted to bring the war to an end -TURNING POINT OF THE CIVIL WAR - Union won

Pickett's Charge

a military attack of 14,000 confederate soldiers up cemetery ridge -disaster for the confederacy

William Tecumseh Sherman

Union general, practiced total war as he marched through and conquered Georgia

Philip Sheridan

Union; Swept confederates out of Shenandoah Valley

Sherman Neckties

bending a railroad track around a tree

March to the Sea

Sherman marched to Atlanta and destroyed everything in his path

Pillage

(v.) to rob of goods by open force (as in war), plunder; (n.) the act of looting; booty

Mandate

(n.) an authoritative command, formal order, authorization; (v.) to issue such an order

Thirteenth Amendment

1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery

Appomattox Courthouse

Lee surrenders to Grant to end the Civil War

Ironclad

a heavy metal battleship used by both sides during the Civil War [Monitor-Union, Merrimack/Virginia-Confederate]

Battle of Antietam

bloodiest single-day battle in United States' history

Andersonville

Confederate war camp in Georgia with terrible conditions for soldiers

Battlefield Medicine

In the mid 1800's doctors had little understanding of infections and germs

Northern Economy

Industrial, No slavery, Made a fortune off the production of equipment for the war

Southern Economy

Agricultural, Southern economy was ruined by the Civil War

Ambrose Burnside

Union General. Led the union to a miserable loss at the battle of Fredericksburg. Had huge Sideburns.

Joseph Hooker

Led Union army at Chancellorsville and lost

George Meade

General who commanded the Union forces at the Battle of Gettysburg in 1863

Vicksburg

The last Confederate stronghold on the Miss. River -Captured by Union Forces under U.S. Grant

Subordinate

lower in rank or position

First Battle of Bull-run

First actually battle of the civil war. Confederate victory. Stonewall earned his name there.