AP Human Geography Chapter 10 Vocab

Agribusiness

Big companies involved in farming, food processing, and selling food

Agriculture

Growing crops and raising animals for food

Aquaculture

Farming fish and other water animals

Bid-rent curve

Shows how land price changes the farther you get from a city

Cash crop

Crops grown to sell for money, not to eat

Cereal grain

A grass that yields grain for food.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants and animals, as well as people, culture, and technology, between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, as a result of European colonialization and trade.

Commercial agriculture

Farming done to sell food for profit

Commercial gardening

Growing fruits and vegetables near cities to sell fresh

Conservation tillage

A method of conserving soil that reduces soil erosion and runoff.

Crop

A plant grown for food or other use

Crop rotation

Changing crops each season to keep soil healthy

Dairy farm

Farm that produces milk and dairyproducts

Desertification

Land turning into desert due to overuse

Dietary energy consumption

Amount of food calories people consume

Double cropping

Growing two crops on the same land in one year

First agricultural revolution

When people first began farming instead of hunting/gathering

Fishing

Catching fish from oceans, rivers, or lakes

Food security

Having reliable access to enough food to live a healthy life

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

Organisms changed in labs to improve traits

Grain

Small hard seeds used for food

Herbicide

Chemical used to kill weeds

Horticulture

Growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and tree crops.

Intensive subsistence agriculture

Farming small land with lots of labor to feed family

Milkshed

Area around a city that supplies its milk

Mixed crop and livestock farming

Farming crops and animals together

Monocropping

Growing only one crop over a large area

No tillage

Farming without plowing to protect soil

Organic agriculture

Farming without synthetic chemicals

Overfishing

Catching fish faster than they can reproduce

Paddy

The Malay word for 'wet rice'; increasingly used to describe a flooded field.

Pastoral nomadism

Moving with animals to find food and water

Pesticide

Chemical used to kill insects

Plantation

Large farm growing one crop

Ranching

Raising animals on large areas of land

Ridge tillage

Planting crops on raised rows of soil

Sawah

A paddy

Second agricultural revolution

New tools and methods that increased food production

Shifting cultivation

Clearing land, farming it briefly, then moving on

Subsistence agriculture

Farming just enough to feed yourself/family

Third agricultural revolution (or green revolution)

Use of GMOs, chemicals, and modern tech in farming

Transhumance

Seasonal migration of livestock between mountain and lowland pasture area.

Truck farming

growing crops to ship long distances to sell

Undernourishment

not getting enough food to stay healthy

Wet rice

Rice grown in flooded fields