EMR Exam 2 Study Guide

What does ABC and CAB stand for?

Airway, Breathing, and Circulation

What is the most common obstruction airway blocker? What is the most common foreign object that blocks the airway?

The tongue, and food.

What are two ways to open an airway?

Head Tilt Chin Lift or Jaw Thrust

What are signs of inadequate breathing?

Tripod position, pale or blue skin (especially in infants), gasping, and noisy respirations

What is a normal RR for an adult?

12-20 breaths per minute

What do you do if a patient is conscious and has an airway obstruction?

Abdominal thrusts / Hymleic

What does AVPU stand for?

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive

What does SAMPLE stand for?

Signs and symptoms

Allergies

Medications

Past Medical History 

Last Oral Intake 

Events assisted with their injury 

List the order of Scene Size Up

1. Ensure Scene Safety 

2. Determine MOI or NOI 

3. Standard precautions 

4. Determine the # of patients 

5. Consider additional resources

What does MOI stand for and is it trauma or medial related?

Mechanism of injury

Trauma 

What does NOI stand for and is it trauma or medical related?

Nature of injury

Medical

What are some additional resources in Scene Size Up?

Hazmat team, law enforcement, fire dept

Where are the four major artery locations?

Neck

Wrist 

Arm

Groin

Name the four pulses that we take

Carotid, radial, brachial, femoral

If a patient doesn’t have a carotid pulse what do you do?

Start chest compressions

What pulse do you check for kids/infants?

Brachial

What are the five links in the chain of survival?

1. Recognition/acitivation of EMS

2. Immediate CPR

3. Rapid defibrillation

4. Postarrest care

5. Recovery 

What is the chest compression rescue breathing ratio for one rescuer CPR for adults and children? 

30:2 for all 

What is the chest compression rescue breathing ratio for two rescuer CPR for adults and children? 

30:2 for adults

15:2 for kids 

With two rescuer CPR how often do you switch roles?

Every 5 cycles

What do these skin colors represent in a patient

Pale, Flushed, blue, and yellow(Jaundice) 

Pale- Decreased circulation 

Flushed- Excess circulation 

Blue- Lack of oxygen + possible airway problems 

Yellow or Jaundice - liver problems 

Why is secondary assessment done?

To assess non-life threatening conditions

What are the vital signs to assess?

Respiration- 12-20 breaths per minute

Pulse- Carotid Pulse - 60-100 BPM, infants and children have faster pulse

Cap refill- Ability to return blood to the vessels. Ex. Put pressure on the nail bed and should go back to normal in 2 seconds

BP- Blood 120/80

Skin- Temp - 98.6

Pupils- A out of the ABC

What are the pupils ABC’s

A- Normal Pupils

B- Dilated Pupils

C- Constricted Pupils