Essay prompts final

How would a Utilitarian evaluate abortion?

A Utilitarian would weigh the happiness and suffering of all involved: the pregnant person, the fetus, family, and society. If the overall happiness is increased or suffering reduced by abortion, it may be considered morally acceptable. Objections often focus on whether the fetus’s potential happiness is being overlooked.

How would a Deontologist view labor exploitation or slavery?

A Deontologist like Kant would say labor exploitation is always wrong because it treats people as mere tools, not ends in themselves. Even if exploitation brings profit or jobs, it violates human dignity. A possible objection is whether voluntary labor under poor conditions counts the same.

What would Virtue Ethics say about environmental care?

Virtue Ethics would focus on the character traits shown like responsibility, humility, and temperance. A good person would care for the environment as part of living a balanced and respectful life. Objections might ask whether this view gives enough guidance in complex policy decisions.

How might a Utilitarian assess sex outside of marriage?

If consensual sex brings happiness without harming others, Utilitarianism may see it as morally fine. It depends on factors like honesty, trust, and consequences. Critics may argue that long-term emotional harm or social effects aren’t always clear.

What would a Deontologist argue about student loan repayment?

A Deontologist might argue that if you agree to a loan, you have a duty to repay it, regardless of financial hardship, because it honors promises. An objection might argue that unjust systems (like predatory lending) change the moral equation.

How could Virtue Ethics approach sex-change treatments or operations?

Virtue Ethics would ask whether seeking treatment expresses virtues like honesty (with oneself), courage, and integrity. If the decision promotes flourishing and self-understanding, it can be morally praiseworthy. Critics may question how to judge what counts as flourishing.