Chapter 2 (Freud: Psychoanalysis) - Theories of Personality 9th Ed., Feist & Feist (additional cards)

most perfect, most free from ambivalence of all human relationships:

Freud's warm, indulgent relationship with his mother led him to observe that the mother/son relationship was the

sex and aggression

the twin cornerstones of psychoanalysis

because in it Freud maintained that people are primarily motivated by drives of which they have little or no awareness

Why is psychoanalysis the most interesting, controversial, and famous of all personality theories?

Jean Charcot

Freud learned about male hysteria from?

catharsis

What therapeutic process did Freud learn from Joseph Breuer?

hypnosis

What therapeutic process/technique did Freud learn from Jean Charcot?

(1) its possible to treat hysteria as a psychological disorder

(2) a patient's problem may have a sexual basis

What did Freud learn about hysteria when he studied under Jean Charcot?

hypnosis

state of consciousness in which a person apparently loses the power of voluntary action and becomes especially susceptible to suggestion

free association

Freud later abandoned hypnosis because he found out that not everyone can be hypnotized. He replaced it with:

free association

Freud called this "the fundamental rule of psychoanalysis"

"Interpretation of Dreams"

Which of Freud's books led to the start of the psychoanalytic movement?

self-analysis

Freud began ____-________ because he felt it was the only way he could analyze others.

Wilhelm Fliess

a Berlin physician who served as Freud's sounding board for his newly developing ideas

conscious, preconscious, unconscious

the three levels of mental life

final censor

the _____ ______ watches the passageway between the preconscious and the unconscious

phylogenetic endowment

Freud relied on this as a last resort when explanations built on individual experiences were inadequate

become conscious

Forces in the unconscious constantly strive to:

false. they have no territorial existence, but merely hypothetical constructs

true or false. The three provinces of the mind each have a territorial existence in the frontal lobe.

primary process; secondary process

the id operates through the _______ _______ but is dependent on the development of a _________ _______ to bring it into contact with the external world

Id

Freud maintained that, at birth, this is the only part of the human personality.

wish fulfillment

Freud said that the id uses _____ ___________ to satisfy its needs

ego

its primary job is to mediate/balance the demands of the id, superego, and the outer forces of reality

infants learn to distinguish themselves from the outer world

the ego becomes differentiated from the id when:

Libido (Freud)

the form of psychic energy, manifested by the life instincts, that drives a person toward pleasurable behaviors and thoughts

sexual perversion

when the aim of erotic pleasure becomes secondary to the destructive aim it is called a:

self-destruction

the final aim of the aggressive drive

death

the ultimate inorganic condition

ego

only the ___ can produce or feel anxiety

neurotic anxiety

can be triggered by reminders of previously experienced unconscious feelings of destruction against one or both parents

moral anxiety

triggered by sexual temptations and failure to behave consistently with what they regard as morally right

tralse. they often exist in combination

tralse or farue. the three kinds of anxiety are seldom clear-cur or easily separated but they do not exist in combination

true. it precipitates repression thus reducing its own pain.

true or false. anxiety is self-regulating

normal and universally used; compulsive, repetitive, and neurotic

Defense mechanisms are ______ and ___________ ____ but when carried to an extreme lead to __________, __________, and ________ behavior

paranoia

always characterized by repressed homosexual feelings toward the persecutor

reversing; projecting

persecuted paranoiacs defend themselves by _________ their feelings of paranoia and then __________ them onto their original object

the prototype of introjection

the Oedipus complex's resolution was:

anxiety

All defense mechanisms protect the ego against _______

it combines with and therefore exists in the other types of defense mechanisms

Repression is the most basic defense mechanism because:

beneficial; harmless (sublimation is beneficial to both)

Defense mechanisms (except sublimation) are __________ to the individual and ________ to society.

rationalization, denial, undoing, compensation

four defense mechanisms not included in Feist&Feist

denial

a defense mechanism wherein when used we simply state that certain facts do not exist. we insist that something is not true, despite all contrary evidence.

rationalization

a defense mechanism described as the process of justifying one's conduct by offering socially acceptable reasons in place of real reasons that are made up to hide or disguise the true motive

sour grape and sweet-lemon

two forms that rationalization may take

Sour grape

To disparage something you can't have

sweet-lemon

pretending to like what one really dislikes

compensation

the process of engaging in substitutive behavior in order to cover up or make up for a social or physical frustration or lack of ability in a certain area of personality

undoing

an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act

"the child is the father of man" - our personality was due to our childhood experiences

Freud believed that "the child is:

mouth

erogenous zone of the oral stage and the firdt organ to provide an infant with pleasure

autoerotic

Childhood sexuality is not capable of reproduction and is therefore exclusively __________.

- over-eating

- excessive drinking

- biting pencils

- putting some objects to ones mouth

- too much talking

oral personality characteristics (5)

to incorporate or receive into one's body the object-choice, that is the nipple

the sexual aim of early oral activity

oral-receptive phase

during this fase, infants feel no ambivalence toward the pleasurable object and their needs are usually satisfied with a minimum of frustration and anxiety

scheduled feedings, increased time lapses between feedings, and eventual weaning

As infants grow older, they are more likely to experience feelings of frustration and anxiety as a result of: (3)

oral-sadistic period

the specific phase during the infantile period that happens as the teeth emerge wherein infants respond to others through biting, cooing, closing their mouth, smilin and crying

thumb-sucking

a defense against anxiety that satisfies an infant's sexual but not their nutritional needs

anus

erogenous zone of the anal phase

toilet training

main activity during the anal phase

early anal phase

during this subphase of the anal stage, children receive satisfaction by destroying or losing objects

sadistic; erotic

During the early anal phase, the ________ drive is stronger than the ______ one.

late anal phase

a subphase of the anal phase wherein children sometimes take a friendly interest toward their feces, which stems from the erotic pleasure of defecating

-orderly, organized, and tidy

-vein, meticulous, perfectionist

-stinginess

Anal retentive personalities (3), developed as a result of experiencing punishment in relation to the playing with feces during the late anal phase that lead to a fixation on the said phase

- messy, untidy

- disorganize

- stubborn

- generous

anal expulsive personalities (4), as a result of fecal behavior being overly praised and accepted during the late anal phase that lead to a fixation on the said phase

active; passive

Freud described sexual activities during the oral and anal stages as having orientations. The ______ orientation is characterized. by masculine qualities of dominance and sadism. The _______ orientation is usually marked by feminine qualities of voyeurism and masochism.

genital area

thr leading erogenous zone during the Phallic stage

trueth.

trueth or falseth. During the Phallic stage, masturbation is nearly universal but generally suppressed by parents and eventually the children's conscious desire are repressed

falseth. originates during the oral phase

trueth or falseth. Masutbation originates during the anal phase.

bisexual (before the oedipal period, boys develop some amount of a feminine disposition)

To Freud, children have a ________ nature that complicates the Oedipal period.

complete Oedipal complex

the ambivalent condition of affection and hostility coexisting because one or both may be unconscious

becoming aware of the absence of a penis on girls

the greatest emotional shock to a boy during the infantile period

a strong superego

Once the Male Oedipus complex is nesrly completely dissolved, it is replaced by:

falseness. To Freud the female Oedipal complex is usually broken up more slowly and less completely which is why the girl's super ego is weaker, more flexible, and less severe than the boy's

trueness or falseness: To Freud, the female Oedipus complex can also be completely or nearly completely dissolved.

- give up sexuality and develop intense hostility toward the mother

- cling defiantly to their masculinity

- undergo the simple female Oedipus complex

3 different reactions to penis envy

inherent bisexuality and degree of masculinity developed.

The reactions to penis envy is influenced by: (2)

genitals

attains supremacy as an erogenous zone during the genital period

trueness

trueness or falseness. During the genital period, the vagina acquires the same status as the penis had during infancy

eklaboo. To Freud, it seldom happens because people have too many opportunities to develope pathological disorders or neurotic predispositions.

truelaloo or eklaboo. Most people move on to the period of psychological maturity after having passed through the earlier stages.

PTSD

Repetition compulsion is frequently found in people with what psychological disorder?

latent content; manifest content

In dream analysis, only the ______ _______ has meaning whereas the ________ _______ has little or no psychoanalytic significance

existence of the unconscious

Late in his career, Freud argued that hypnosis provided proof for the:

anxiety provoking material

(we laugh only at the things that bother us)

According to Freud, for a joke to be funny, it must contain:

positive transference

Phenomenon that occurs during therapy, in which the patient redirects toward the therapist unconscious feelings of love and affection retained from experiences with authority figures (usually the parents) in early childhood.

negative transference

Phenomenon that occurs during psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient redirects toward the therapist unconscious feelings of anger and hostility retained from experiences with authority figures in childhood

it mudt be recognized if it occurs and must be explained to the patient so that they can overcome any resistance to treatment

What must a psychoanalytic therapist do regarding negative transference?

libido; transference; ego

In order for free association to become successful, ______ previously expended on the neurotic symptoms must be freed through ____________ to work in the service of the ___.