Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/70
Earn XP
Description and Tags
Flashcards covering key concepts from the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids lecture.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
71 Terms
What is the purine base of nucleic acids?
Adenine
Which base is not a component of RNA?
Thymine
What is the sugar component of a nucleotide?
Ribose
What is the composition of a nucleoside?
A base + a sugar
What type of sugar is found in a nucleotide?
Pentose
Which enzyme is found in the salvage pathway of purines?
Adenine phosphoribosytransferase
What is true about phosphodiester linkage?
5' Phosphate group of one nucleotide is joined to the 3'-hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide.
Which nucleotide is not found in DNA?
UMP
How are nucleotides joined in nucleic acids?
By phosphodiester bonds.
What are the important uses of nucleotides?
Raw materials for DNA biosynthesis, secondary messengers, important co-enzymes, energy donors.
What does Chargeff’s Rule state about base composition?
DNA from different tissues of the same species has the same base composition.
What type of bond holds DNA base pairs together?
Covalent bond.
What are the conformational variations in the DNA double helix?
C-DNA, B-DNA, M-DNA, N-DNA, Z-DNA.
What classes do eukaryotic RNAs fall into?
Small nuclear RNA, small nucleolar RNA, catalytic RNA, small interfering RNA.
Where are ribosomes synthesized?
In the nucleolus.
What is the process of translation?
Converting codes within RNA into proteins.
What initiates transcription?
RNA Polymerase.
What are the building blocks of DNA?
dTMP, dAMP, dCMP, dUMP, dGMP.
What are the ribosome sites?
P-site, A-site, E-site.
What types of mutations exist?
Base substitution mutations, nonsense mutations, frame shift mutations, transversion mutations.
What is involved in DNA storage?
Histones, chromatin, nucleosomes.
Which sugar component is in deoxyribose?
Deoxyribose.
What linkage occurs when nucleotides form?
Phosphodiester linkage.
Which nucleotide is found in RNA but not in DNA?
Uracil.
What does RNA Polymerase do in transcription?
It initiates the process.
Where does transcription occur?
In the nucleus.
What is the function of ribosomes?
To synthesize proteins.
What structure do nucleosomes help form?
Chromatin.
Which RNA is involved in protein synthesis?
mRNA.
What is the role of tRNA?
To transfer amino acids to the ribosome.
What do Chargaff's rules pertain to?
Base pairing relationships in DNA.
What cellular component is critical for DNA packaging?
Histones.
What processes are associated with nucleotides?
Regulating metabolism, serving as coenzymes.
What governs DNA replication?
Template strand of DNA.
How do double-stranded nucleic acids differ in stability?
Due to hydrogen bonding between bases.
What is the primary structure of nucleic acids defined by?
Nucleotide sequence.
What does the term 'nucleoside' refer to?
A base attached to a sugar.
What type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
Nonsense mutation.
Which enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?
RNA polymerase.
In RNA, what base replaces thymine?
Uracil.
What classes of RNA are involved in gene expression?
mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.
What is the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?
IT forms the core of the ribosome's structure.
Which bonds connect sugar and phosphate in nucleotides?
Phosphodiester bonds.
How many strands does DNA have?
Two strands.
What term describes the genetic makeup of an organism?
Genome.
What does the A-site of a ribosome do?
It binds tRNA carrying an amino acid.
Define a frame shift mutation.
A mutation that alters the reading frame of the genetic code.
What processes do enzymes facilitate in nucleotide metabolism?
Conversion of nucleotides and nucleosides.
Which enzyme helps regenerate nucleotides in the cell?
Nucleoside phosphorylase.
What is the result of a DNA double helix structure?
Stability and complementary base pairing.
What are the three stages of transcription?
Initiation, elongation, termination.
What structure forms when DNA wraps around histones?
Nucleosomes.
What important concept involves the 5’ and 3’ ends of nucleic acids?
Directionality.
What is the role of small nuclear RNA (snRNA)?
In RNA splicing.
What enzyme synthesizes the complementary DNA strand during replication?
DNA polymerase.
Which two bases are purines?
Adenine and Guanine.
Which nucleotide is essential for energy transfer in cells?
ATP.
What is the main function of DNA?
To store genetic information.
What is base pairing in nucleic acids?
Specific pairing of nucleotide bases that ensures accurate replication and transcription.
How do anti-parallel strands in DNA affect its stability?
They allow maximum hydrogen bonding between the strands.
What are the functions of nucleotides?
Energy carriers, signaling molecules, and building blocks of nucleic acids.
Name a process that takes place in the ribosome.
Translation.
What defines the tertiary structure of RNA?
The three-dimensional shape formed by folding and base pairing.
Which nucleotides are found in RNA?
Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine, Guanine.
What is the significance of complementary base pairing?
It ensures accurate DNA replication and RNA transcription.
What is the role of transcription factors?
To facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter.
What initiates the DNA replication process?
DNA helicase unwinding the double helix.
Which RNA type plays a crucial role in gene regulation?
Small interfering RNA (siRNA).
What product results from the process of transcription?
RNA.
Which RNA is involved directly in the assembly of proteins?
tRNA.
What phenomenon do mutations contribute to within a population?
Genetic variation.