biology science y10

What is a cell?

The basic structural and functional unit of living organisms.

What is the function of the nucleus?

The nucleus controls cell activities and contains genetic material.

What are chromosomes?

Structures within cells that contain DNA and genetic information.

What is DNA?

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.

What is photosynthesis?

The process by which green plants convert sunlight into energy.

What are mitochondria?

Organelles that produce energy through respiration.

What is the function of ribosomes?

Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

What is a gene?

A segment of DNA that contains instructions for building proteins.

What is cellular respiration?

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy.

What are the main stages of the cell cycle?

Interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.

What is a mutation?

A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to genetic variation.

What is natural selection?

The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.

What is an ecosystem?

A community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.

What is biodiversity?

The variety of life in the world or a particular habitat or ecosystem.

What are trophic levels?

The hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, defining the position of organisms in the food chain.

What is a food web?

A complex network of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem.

What is homeostasis?

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment.

What are enzymes?

Proteins that act as biological catalysts to accelerate reactions.

What is osmosis?

The movement of water molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to one of higher concentration.

What is the role of chlorophyll?

Chlorophyll is a pigment in plants that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

What is a biome?

A large geographical area characterized by specific climates and ecosystems.

What is evolution?

The change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

What is a hypothesis?

A proposed explanation for a scientific inquiry that can be tested.

What is a species?

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

What are pathogens?

Microorganisms that can cause disease.

What is vaccination?

The administration of a vaccine to stimulate an immune response.

What is the function of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

What is genetics?

The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

What is mutation?

A change in the nucleotide sequence of the DNA.

What is an allele?

One of two or more versions of a gene found at the same place on a chromosome.

What are dominant and recessive traits?

Dominant traits are expressed when an allele is present; recessive traits require two copies for expression.

What is mitosis?

A process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

What are the four macromolecules essential to life?

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

What is ecology?

The study of interactions among organisms and their environment.

What is the role of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Ribosomes translate mRNA into proteins.

What is the light reaction of photosynthesis?

The process in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH.

What is the Calvin cycle?

A series of biochemical reactions that occur in the chloroplasts during photosynthesis.

What is a biome?

A large geographic biotic unit, a major community of plants and animals with similar life forms and environmental conditions.

What is the structure of a virus?

Viruses consist of genetic material encased in a protein coat.

What is the role of the pancreas?

The pancreas produces enzymes and hormones, including insulin, to regulate blood sugar.

What is an autotroph?

An organism that can produce its own food from inorganic substances.

What is a heterotroph?

An organism that obtains food by consuming other organisms.

What is cell differentiation?

The process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type.

What is biotechnology?

The use of living systems and organisms to develop or create products.

What is an ecosystem service?

The benefits provided by ecosystems that contribute to making human life both possible and worth living.

What is the scientific method?

A systematic process of inquiry that includes observation, hypothesis formation, experimentation, and conclusion.

What is a biome?

A distinct ecological community defined by its climate and typical organisms.

What is competition in ecology?

The struggle between organisms for the same resources in an ecosystem.

What are the three types of symbiotic relationships?

Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

What is a keystone species?

A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

What is a population?

A group of individuals of the same species living in a particular area.

What is biogeochemical cycling?

The cycle of chemical elements and compounds in the ecosystem.

What is allelopathy?

A biological phenomenon by which an organism releases chemicals to inhibit the growth of other organisms.

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

The appendicular skeleton supports the appendages and facilitates movement.