CIS Chapter 4: Key Terms in Computer Science Study Guide

Linux is an example of a

open source operating system

virtualization is the process by which

one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers within it

Bits are grouped into eight-bit chunks called

bytes

a _________ is also called "the brain" of the computer

central processing unit

Which of the following is a characteristic of volatile memory?

contents are lost when power is off

web applications are typically limited by the capabilities of the

browser

is the altering or reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects

augmented reality (AR)

applications are programs that are written to use a particular operating system

native

[ ] is a completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

virtual reality (VR)

(T/F) An operating system is a program that controls a computer's resources

True

Computer hardware

consists of electronic components and related gadgetry that input, process, output, and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software

Storage hardware

saves data and programs

volatile storage

only retains data when powered

volatile examples

RAM, cache money, CPU register

non-volatile

magnetic hard disk drive, solid state drive, external storage

Computers represent data using _____________ where a bit is either a zero or one

binary digits (bits)

Bits are groups into 8-bit chunks called

bytes

engineering hardware

internet of things (IoT), digital reality, autonomous veolity, industrial robots, 3D printing, financial tech

Internet of Things (IoT)

is the idea that objects are connected to the internet so they can interact with other devices, applications, or services

reality

is the state of things as they actually exist

augmented reality (AR)

the altering of reality by overlaying digital information on real-world objects

Mixed reality (MR)

combines the real physical world with interactive virtual images or objects

Virtual Reality (VR)

is a completely computer-generated virtual world with interactive digital objects.

self-driving cars

use a variety of sensors to navigate like a traditional vehicle but without human interaction

drones

are remotely controlled unmanned aircraft

robots

are machines that are programmed to sense the environment, make decisions, and perform tasks automatically

financial tech (Fintech)

is information tech designed to provide automated financial services

Software that controls a computer's resources ex. display keyboard mouse

operating system

Program that performs a service or function including horizontal market, vertical-market, one-of-a-kind

Application software

Specialized low level software installed into the non-volatile memory of various hardware devices to ensure effective, efficient operations

firmware

Provides common capabilities used in a wide-variety of organizations and industries

Horizontal-market

Serves the needs of a specific industry. Typically they can be altered or customized by the developer

Vertical-market

One-of-a-kind

software is developed for a specific, unique need

Use on a particular OS or device and can have multiple versions supporting various platforms

Native Application

run within browser software such as chrome, safari and can also run within any browser

Web Application

Combines elements of both native and web applications to run on all platforms by common language

Hybrid Application

Uses a single set of shareable and reusable code to build full apps that can be deployed on different OS/devices

Cross-platform Application

The process by which one physical computer hosts many different virtual computers as applications within it

Virtualization