Biology 120 Notes (Part 8) Vacuoles, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, the Cytoskeleton, and the Three Fibers

Microtubules

________ are the largest in diameter of all cytoskeleton filaments. They also serve as tracks for vesicle support.

Microfilaments

________ are also called actin filaments.

cells shape

They help define the ________, are usually found inside the plasma membrane, and cause movements like muscle contractions and hypokinesis.

hollow cylinders

They have ________ made of two globular proteins and they originate from the microtubule organizing center.

Plant cells

________ typically have a larger central vacuole which helps with storage and some functions are performed by lysosomes in other eukaryotes.

solar energy

They convert ________ into carbohydrates.

Vacuoles

________ are membranous sacs that are larger than vesicles.

Chloroplasts

________ are the site of photosynthesis.

cytoskeleton

The ________ maintains the cells shape.

Intermediate filaments

________ are defined by size rather than composition, provides structural support for the cell, and are not involved in movement.

movements of cells

It also assists in the ________ and organelles.

bundles of microtubules

It contains two ________ called centrioles.

Microtubules

________ serve as tracks for vesicle support.

Evidence suggests that Mitochondria and Chloroplasts both

produce/process their own energy, have their own DNA outside of the nucleus and their own ribosomes, and can reproduce independently of the rest of the cell

There are three types of fibers

intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules

mitochondria

The _____________ are involved in cellular respiration. They break down carbohydrates to form ATP and CO2 and produce most of the ATP utilized by the cell.

chlorophyll

They contain __________ which is a green pigment. They also contain thylakoids and grana which are suspended in semi-fluid stroma.

Endosymbiosis Theory

__________ is a theory that describes how there is evidence suggesting that mitochondria and chloroplasts were once free-living bacteria. Some proof for this theory is that both mitochondria and chloroplast produce/process their own energy, have their own DNA outside of the nucleus, have their own ribosomes, and can produce independently of the rest of the cell.

Centrosomes

__________ are part of the microtubule organizing center and is in animal cells

Centrioles

____________ are the two microtubules within the centromeres.