BJU 6th ed., Chapter 7 - The Byzantine Empire

Constantine the Great

founded Constantinople, and made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

Emporer Justinian

a Byzantine emperor known as one of the most famous of this time who desired to restore the greatness of the Roman Empire by launching military campaigns to reclaim lost territories and reforming legal codes, resulting in the "Justinian Code." And sparing no expense building churches, aquaducts, and roads. He is also recognized for promoting Byzantine culture and architecture.

Hagia Sophia

a monumental church built under Emperor Justinian, renowned for its massive dome and architectural significance, later converted into a mosque.

Empress Theodora

the influential wife of Emperor Justinian, known for her intelligence and political strength, she played a crucial role in his reign and advocated for women's rights.

Hippodrome

an ancient stadium or arena in Constantinople used for chariot racing and public events, serving as a central gathering place for the Byzantine citizens.

Nika Revolt

a significant uprising in 532 AD against Emperor Justinian, sparked by tensions during chariot races, which initially threatened his rule but was ultimately suppressed.

Schism

the division of the Christian Church into two separate branches, primarily the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches, due to theological and political differences.

Icon

a religious image or painting used in worship, particularly prominent in Eastern Orthodox Christianity, symbolizing the presence of the divine.

Basil II

Byzantine Emperor from 976 to 1025, known for his military conquests and administrative reforms, earning the title "Basil the Bulgar Slayer" for defeating the Bulgarians.

Vladimir I

Grand Prince of Kiev who converted to Christianity in 988, leading to the Christianization of Kievan Rus, and establishing ties with the Byzantine Empire.

Eastern Orthodox Church

A Christian denomination that evolved from the early church, centered in Constantinople, emphasizing tradition and the sacraments.

Roman Catholic Church

A Christian denomination that developed in Western Europe, led by the Pope. It emphasizes the authority of the Church and the role of sacraments in salvation.

Kiev

The capital of Ukraine and the historical center of Kievan Rus, known for its pivotal role in the spread of Christianity and as a cultural hub in Eastern Europe.

Hericlius

A Byzantine Emperor known for his military reforms and efforts to recover lost territories from the Persians. He reigned from 610 to 641 AD and is also noted for establishing the theme system.

Justinian Code

A collection of laws and legal interpretations developed under the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. It served as a foundational legal system in the Byzantine Empire and influenced many modern legal codes.

Greek Fire

Aflammable liquid weapon used by the Byzantine navy, capable of burning on water, which played a crucial role in naval battles against enemies.

Leo III

A Byzantine Emperor known for his military successes and the establishment of Iconoclasm. He reigned from 717 to 741 AD and is credited with strengthening the empire during the Umayyad Caliphate's invasions. Used Greek fire to defend Constantinople from enemy attacks.

Greco-Roman

Refers to the cultural and artistic heritage of ancient Greece and Rome, which significantly influenced the development of Western civilization, particularly in art, architecture, literature, and philosophy.

Pax Romana

A period of relative peace and stability experienced by the Roman Empire.

Though it retained Roman political and legal structures, Byzantine civilization showed more ____________ influence.

Greek