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Right Realism Overview
A conservative, right-wing approach to crime that focuses on practical solutions, crime prevention, and control rather than rehabilitation or tackling social causes.
Critique of Traditional Criminology (James Q. Wilson)
Argued that traditional criminology is unhelpful for policymakers and that crime should be treated as a real problem requiring strict control and punishment. Traditional criminology often focuses on social causes like poverty and inequality, which right realists see as ineffective explanations for crime.
The "Underclass" (Charles Murray)
Developed the idea that the welfare state creates dependency, leading to a criminal "underclass" of jobless, welfare-dependent individuals with weak social bonds.
Social Bonds & Crime Prevention (Travis Hirschi)
Argued that strong social bonds and tight-knit communities help prevent crime, as they instil social control and discipline.
Zero Tolerance & Broken Windows Theory
The belief that even minor crimes must be dealt with strictly to maintain social order and prevent further criminal behaviour.
Biological Differences & Crime (Wilson & Herrnstein)
Suggest that some individuals are biologically more predisposed to crime due to traits like aggression, risk-taking, and low intelligence.
Inadequate Socialisation (Charles Murray)
Blames the decline of the nuclear family and rise of welfare dependency for poor socialisation, particularly among boys who lack strong male role models. Without fathers present in the home, boys do not see a male figure who works and provides for the family, leading them to seek alternative role models in delinquent peer groups or gangs.
Rational Choice Theory (RCT)
Suggests that crime is a rational decision where offenders weigh risks and rewards before committing an offence. Right realists argue that individuals have free will, meaning they actively choose whether to offend based on the perceived consequences. If the cost of crime is low and the rewards are high, people are more likely to commit criminal acts.
Routine Activity Theory (Marcus Felson)
For crime to occur, there must be a motivated offender, a suitable target, and an absence of a "capable guardian" (e.g., a police officer, neighbour, or CCTV surveillance).
Crime Displacement
A problem with RCT—if crime is prevented in one area, offenders may simply move elsewhere where there is less surveillance, weaker security, or more vulnerable victims.
