Chemical formulas

What is the formula for percent yield?

(actual yield / theoretical yield) × 100

What is the formula for percent error?

[(experimental value – theoretical value) / theoretical value] × 100

What is the formula for calculating moles?

n = mass (g) / molar mass (g/mol)

What is the formula for density?

density = mass / volume

What is the formula for percent composition?

(mass of element in compound / molar mass of compound) × 100

What is the formula for molality?

molality (m) = moles of solute / kg of solvent

What is the formula for normality?

N = equivalents of solute / liters of solution

What is the formula for Raoult's law?

Psolution = Xsolvent × P°solvent

What is the formula for boiling point elevation?

ΔTb = Kb × m × i

What is the formula for freezing point depression?

ΔTf = Kf × m × i

What is the formula for ideal gas law?

PV = nRT

What is the formula for Graham's law of effusion?

r1 / r2 = √(M2 / M1)

What is the formula for Dalton's partial pressure?

Ptotal = P1 + P2 + P3 …

What relationship between volume and temperature is reflected by Charles' law?

V ∝ T (at constant pressure)

What relationship between pressure and volume is reflected by Boyle's law?

P ∝ 1/V (at constant temperature)

What is the formula for change in internal energy?

ΔE = q + w

What is the formula for calculating work performed by a gas?

w = –PΔV

What is the formula for enthalpy of formation in a reaction?

ΔHrxn = ΣΔHf(products) – ΣΔHf(reactants)

What is the formula for calculating bond dissociation energy in a reaction?

ΔHrxn = ΣD(bonds broken) – ΣD(bonds formed)

What is the formula for calculating entropy?

ΔS = ΣS(products) – ΣS(reactants)

What is the formula for Gibbs' free energy?

ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

What is the formula for Gibbs' free energy including reaction quotient (Q)?

ΔG = ΔG° + RT ln(Q)

What is the formula for Arrhenius equation?

k = Ae^(–Ea/RT)

What is the formula for equilibrium constant?

K = [products]^coeff / [reactants]^coeff

What is the formula for calculating standard cell potential?

E°cell = E°cathode – E°anode

What is the formula for calculating Gibbs' free energy using cell potential?

ΔG° = –nFE°cell

What mmHg and torr is equivalent to 1 atm for pressure?

1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr

How much volume does one mole of gas occupy at STP?

22.4 L

What is the value for Faraday's constant?

96,500 Coulombs/mol

What is the formula for molarity?

M = moles of solute / liters of solution