Opioids Lecture Review

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts about opioids.

What are some examples of opiate drugs?

Opium, Laudanum, Morphine, Codeine, Heroin

What is a common characteristic effect of opioids?

They act as analgesics, relieving pain.

What is morphine named after?

The Greek god of dreams, Morpheus.

What did Greek physician Hippocrates use opium for?

To treat a number of diseases.

When did the first wave of opioid abuse occur in the USA?

Late 1800s

What was heroin initially developed for by Bayer?

To combat morphine addiction.

What percentage of the world's hydrocodone do Americans consume?

99%

What is the role of endorphins in the brain?

Naturally produced neurotransmitters that bind to receptors (mu) that “turn off” pain signals to the brain

What happens to neurons when tolerance to a drug develops?

Neurons become less responsive to the drug, and the number of receptors on the neuron reduces.

When is the risk of overdose the highest?

When the drug is taken in an unfamiliar location and at an unusual time.

Name some common withdrawal symptoms from opiate use.

Shivering, Sweating, Abdominal cramps, Increased sensitivity to pain, Muscle pains, Diarrhea

How does Naloxone (Narcan) work?

Acts as an antagonist that blocks opiates from stimulating opiate receptors.

What is the purpose of Methadone and Buprenorphine in addiction treatment?

Substitutes for heroin and reduces withdrawal symptoms for patients in treatment programs

What is the purpose of Narcotics Anonymous (NA)?

To provide support by peers who are also dealing with addiction.

How does Kratom affect the brain?

Stimulates opioid receptors in the brain, producing sedation, pleasure, and decreased pain; also stimulates receptor systems for increased energy.