1Q_English_B (Epic of Gilgamesh & Inferno)

Epic

is a long narrative poem or story that tells the adventures and achievements of a heroic figure whose actions are significant to the history, culture, or beliefs of a people

Epic

It often explores themes such as courage, honor, friendship, leadership, and the struggle between good and evil

Epic

may also feature supernatural beings, gods, or extraordinary events that shape the hero's journe

Epic of Gilgamesh

is considered one of the world's oldest surviving epics. It tells the story of King Gilgamesh and his companion Enkidu as they face challenges that teach them about friendship, leadership, and the meaning of life

Epic of Gilgamesh

Originated in ancient Mesopotamia (presentday Iraq).

Gilgamesh

King of Uruk; strong, brave, but proud and initially selfish. He develops into a wiser and more compassionate leader.

Enkidu

A wild man created by the gods to challenge Gilgamesh. He becomes Gilgamesh's closest friend and helps him grow.

Man vs. Self (Internal Conflict)

A struggle within a character’s mind—often involving emotions, choices, doubts, or beliefs

Man vs. Man

Two characters want different things, and their goals or beliefs clash. This could be a physical fight, a verbal argument, or even silent rivalry

Man vs. Society

The character struggles with unfair rules, traditions, or expectations.

Man vs. Nature

The character struggles against the forces of nature, such as natural disasters, harsh environments, or predatory animals.

Man vs. Supernatural

This conflict involves the confrontation between characters and supernatural or paranormal forces

Man vs. Technology

This conflict explores the tension between characters and technological advancements or machines.

Man vs. Fate/Destiny

This conflict revolves around characters trying to defy or accept their predetermined fate or destiny.

Characterization

is the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character

DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION and INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION

Characterization is revealed through

Direct characterization

tells the audience directly about the personality of the character

Direct Characterization

this is the easiest of the two types to understand

Indirect Characterization

shows things that reveal the personality of a character.

Speech

Thoughts

Effect on others

Action

Looks

There are five different methods of indirect characterization.

Speech

What does the character say? How does the character speak?

Thoughts

What is revealed through the character's private thoughts and feelings

Effect on others

What is revealed through the character's effect on other people? How do others feel, behave, or respond to the character?

Actions

What does the character do? How does the character behave?

Looks

What does the character look like? How does the character dress?

Dante Alighieri

wrote the Divine Comedy during his exile

Inferno

follows Dante’s journey through hell with Virgil as his guide, exploring nine circles, each representing different sins and punishments

Inferno

the poem features encounters with historical and mythological figures and serves as an allegory reflecting Dante’s theological ang political beliefs, along with commentary on his contemporary society

Heresy

is the act of rejecting or denying accepted religious teachings or beliefs.

Heresy

the Catholic church considered a serious offense because it challenged the truth of Christianity

Poetry

is a form of literature that uses creative and expressive language to communicate emotions, ideas, or experiences.

Poetry

it often uses rhythm, imagery, figurative language, to create meaning and evoke feelings.

Dramatic Poetry

Lyric Poetry

Sonnet

Ode

Elegy

types of poetry

Dramatic Poetry

tells a story through dialogue, character, dramatic, situations. It is similar to a play but written in a poetic form

Dramatic Poetry

characteristics: uses dialogue, has characters, uses conflict or action, meant to be performed or imagines as a scene

Lyric Poetry

expresses the personal thoughts, emotions and feelings of a speaker

Lyric Poetry

characteristics: emotional and personal, usually written in the first person, focuses on one feeling or moment, often musical in rhythm

Sonnet

a 14-line lyric poem with a specific rhyme scheme. It usually explores love, beauty, nature or life

Sonnet

characteristics: exactly 14 lines, has a fixed rhyme pattern, rich in figurative language, ends with a meaningful conclusion

Ode

is a lyric poem that praises or celebrates a person, object, event or idea

Ode

characteristics: expresses admiration, serious and respectful tone, uses vivid descriptions, celebrates something important

Elegy

is a reflective poem that expresses sadness or mourning, usually for someone who has died

Elegy

characteristics: sad and thoughtful tone, honors someone’s memory, reflects on life and death, may offer hope or comfort at the end

Structure

Rhyme

Meter

elements of poetry

Structure

is the way a poem is organized and arranged

Rhyme

is the repetition of similar sounds, usually at the end of lines

Meter

is the pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem. It creates the poem’s rhythm or beat

Simile

a comparison using “like” or “as” to draw a resemblance between two things

Metaphor

a direct comparison relating one thing to another

Personification

attributing human qualities or action to non-human entities

Allusion

a passing comment or reference to a person, place, idea, historical event among others. Requires readers to have a background knowledge of the reference made.

Symbols

an object, person, or event that has a different level of meaning apart form it’s literal meaning

Hyperbole

an exaggeration used for emphasis or dramatic effect

Synecdoche

a figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole or vice versa

Alliteration

the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or stressed syllable