Plant Anatomy: Eudicots vs Monocots

Eudicot

A group of angiosperms with 2 embryonic seed leaves.

Monocot

A group of angiosperms with 1 embryonic seed leaf.

Cotyledon

Embryonic seed leaf.

Primary Growth

Growth in length and the elongation of the plant, producing primary tissues.

Secondary Growth

Growth in girth, expanding roots or stems and producing secondary tissues.

Root System

Absorbs water and minerals, anchors the plant, and stores food, primarily underground.

Storage Roots

Modified underground organs that store nutrients for long periods.

Taproot System

A root system with one main root and many branching roots, typical of eudicots.

Fibrous Root System

A root system that lacks a main root and has many branching roots, typical of monocots.

Apical Meristem

Region of cell division in the root tip where actively dividing cells are found.

Eudicot Root

Has xylem and phloem forming an 'X' or '+' in the center with no pith.

Monocot Root

Has pith in the center with xylem and phloem forming a ring around it.

Shoot System

Includes stems and leaves, primarily above ground organs.

Leaf Primordium

The early developmental stage of a leaf.

Node

The part of the stem where leaves are attached.

Vascular Bundles

Structures in plants that transport water, minerals, and nutrients.

Eudicot Stems

Characterized by vascular bundles arranged in a ring.

Monocot Stems

Characterized by scattered vascular bundles.

Mesophyll

The tissue in leaves where photosynthesis occurs.

Eudicot Leaf

Has differentiated mesophyll and large vascular bundles.

Monocot Leaf

Mesophyll is not differentiated and has both large and small vascular bundles.

What shape do the xylem and phloem make in eudicot roots?

X or +

What shape do the xylem and phloem make in eudicot stems?

ring

What shape do the xylem and phloem make in monocot roots?

forms a ring around the pith

What shape do the xylem and phloem make in monocot stems?

no ring

Do eudicots have piths in their roots?

no

What type is this: pollen grains have 3 pores or furrows

dicot

What type is this: seeds have two cotyledons

dicot

What type is this: flowers have 4 or 5 floral parts

dicot

What type is this: leaves are oval or palmate with net like veins

dicot

What type is this: vascular bundles arranged in a ring around stem

dicot

What type is this: tap roots

dicot

What type is this: pollen grains have one pore or furrow

monocot

What type is this: seeds have one cotyledon

monocot

What type is this: flowers have 3 floral parts

monocot

What type is this: leaves are narrow, with parallel veins

monocot

What type is this: vascular bundles are small and spread throughout the stem

monocot

What type is this: fibrous roots

monocot

Monocots exhibit what type of growth?

parallel vascular growth

Primary growth =

growing upward

Secondary growth =

growth in girth (formation of woody tissue)

Secondary growth can refer to:

stems, sometimes roots, but never leaves

Primary tissues in primary growth?

epidermis, parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma, primary xylem, and primary phloem

Primary tissues in secondary growth?

periderm (outer bark), secondary xylem (wood), secondary phloem (inner bark)

Radicle =

primary root when seed germinates

Shoot system =

stems and leaves

Difference in stems of eudicots and monocots?

eudicots from a ring of xylem and phloem, but monocots don’t have specific organization

What causes secondary growth?

cell division activities of lateral meristems (vascular cambium and cork cambium)