Sociology Exam two

I hate this class

How sports and society are interrelated

Relationship to significant sociological elements including education, leisure, social stratification, social mobility, race, and gender issues

Why people are so engaged in sports

For many people, sports represent a diversion from daily responsibilities and problems. They can attend an event or watch on television and focus on the event instead of other concerns they might face

How American values are reflected in sports

Justice, fair play, and teamwork. Sports have contributed to racial and social integration and over history have been a "social glue" bonding the country together

How sports both unties and divides members of a society

Through sex, gender, race, social status/class, propaganda

Explain the use of logos, team names, and symbols and unifying and dividing mechanisms used in sports

The brand name, logos, marks, and colors of a sports organization serve as a starting point in the brand management process

What is a social phenomena and who coined the term

Any behavior's, actions, or events that take place because of social influence Emile Durkheim

Why does social phenomena in sports matter to sociologists

Helps us understand the ways that social class, gender, race and ethnicity, sexuality, and physical ability influence our everyday lives

What is a microcosm of society

Are socially significant activities for many people/something (such as a place or an event) that is seen as a small version of something much larger

What makes sports so engaging to spectators

Engages are emotions/hormones

Suspense engages our intellect

Human nature

Identification with team engages our spirit

Feeling like your a part of that team

Comprehensibility

The quality of being easy or possible to understand

Continuity

The foundation of the game and the method by which you should play

Readability

A measure of how easy a piece of text is to read

Coherence/predictability

all of its parts fit together well/​the quality something has when it is possible for you to know in advance that it will happen or what it will be like

Low cost

Financially lower families join sports with less financial needs, b-ball, football, running

Vicarious experiences

An individual observing another individual teach/delivers a feeling or experience from someone else

Values

Pride, freedom, democracy, lady liberty, George Washington, Eagle, color scheme, national anthem, food, competition

Sports values

• Keep an optimistic attitude.

• Accept mistakes and learn from them.

• Hard work.

• Be a source of positive energy for my team.

• Have confidence.

• Embrace challenges.

• Be grateful to play.

What is deviance

Behaviors that violate social rules and norms

Levels of deviance

Questioning or disagreeing, advocating for change, resisting compromise, using new methods, breaking a rule, and going rogue.

Absolutist approach

Assumes that social norms are based on essential principles that constitute an unchanging foundation for identifying good & evil and distinguishing right from wrong

Constructionist approach

Deviance occurs when ideas, traits, and actions fall outside socially determined boundaries that people use to determine what is acceptable and unacceptable in a social world

Formal Deviance

Violation of official rule, punished by official sanctions authorized by authorities

Informal Deviance

Unofficial, punished by informal sanctions, administered by observers or peers

Deviant Over conformity

Based on accepting and conforming to norms without question leads to fascism

Deviant Under conformity

Based on ignoring or rejecting norms; involves "subnormal" actions and, in extreme cases, leads to anarchy

On the field deviance

Grey area somewhere between acts considered 'part of the game' (taking a cheap shot at an opponent when the referee is not looking) and those that 'cross the line

Off the field deviance

Fights (sometimes with firearms involved); sexual assault and attempted rapes; marching bands physically brawling against each other during half-time activities; domestic violence charges; and drunk driving

Absolutist Based on 4 assumptions

1. norms represent social or moral ideals
2. Any departure from the ideal constitutes deviance
3. The greater the departure from the ideal, the more serious the deviance.

4 assumptions of the constructionist approach

1. Norms are socially constructed as people interact with/ each other and determine what is acceptable and what is not.
2. Deviance is socially constructed as people negotiate the boundaries of their acceptance
3. Power dynamics influence this negotiation
4. Most ideas, traits, and actions fall into a normally accepted range.

Do money and power matter in sports?

Clearly tied to patterns of class, class relations, and social inequality in society. Money and economic power do matter, and they matter in ways that often reproduce existing patterns of social class and life chances

Social stratification

structured forms of economic inequalities that are part of the organization of everyday life

Class Relations

The ways that social class is incorporated into the organization of our everyday lives

Class ideology

Interrelated ideas and beliefs that people use to … understand economic inequalities

identify their class position

Evaluate the impact of economic inequalities on the organization of social worlds

Belief in the American Dream

The belief that the US is a Meritocracy

Intersectionality

Coined by civil rights activist and professor Kimberlé Crenshaw can be defined as “the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, and gender as they apply to a given individual or group