Science 2nd quarter test

Geologic time scale

Where does the subdivisions of geologic time are based of?

Geologic Time Scale

What does GTS stand for?

1. Eons

2. Eras

3. Periods

4. Epoch

What are the Major subdivisions of earth’s history?

Eons

Is the largest subdivision in time intervals of earth’s history

Eras

the Phanerozoic era is subdivide into?

1. Paleozoic

2. Mesozioc

3. Cenozoic

What are the very significant events that are used to set boundaries of eras?

Periods

Eras are subdivide into?

Epoch

The cenozoic period is subdivided into 7 epochs

7 epochs

How many epochs is the cenozoic is subdivided

Era

What is the long time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?

eon

What is the longest time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?

Period

What is the short time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?

Epoch

What is the shortest time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?

Billion years from the present

Ga means?

Magma ocean

Earth was a?

Molten Iron

What sank to the deep to form earth’s core?

Iron Catastrophe

What do you call this phenomenon?

Late Heavy Bombardment Period

What do you call the shower of meteor and asteroid impacts during this period?

Hell on Earth

What is the event in the Hadean Eon?

Rigid plate

Our planet had colled enough to allow magma at the surface to form?

What e shempre binasa mo lng mng wra pag intindiha

What is formed by 2.7 Ga?

Cratons were formed shempre

What is formed by 2.7 Ga?

these are long-lives blocks of durable continental crust

what are cratons?

Protocontinents

What was formed during the Archean period?

Water vapor condensed and fell onto the planet as water

As earth continued to cool down, what happened?

Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and cyano bacteria)

At around 3.8 billion years ago during the Archean eon what appeared?

• Active volcanism

• Formation of Earth’s Crust

• Oceans and rivers

• Emergence of the first prokaryotes

What are the major events of the Archean eon?

Cyanobacteria

refer to blue-green algae. are plant-like bacteria capable of photosynthesis

Prokaryotic cells

Single-cell organisms that lack nucleus, mitochondria

Precambrian

A long interval of time, about 90% of earth’s time, when only single-celled organisms lived on earth

Transition to the modern world

What are the events in the Proterozoic eon

Eukaryotes

What appeared by 1.8 Ga?

The first animals

what appeared by the end of the Proterozoic era?

Explosion of life

What are the events in the Phanerozoic era?

• Paleozoic era

• Mesozoic era

• Cenozoic era
  

What are the eras during the explosion of life?

Mesozoic era

What era did the first dinosaur and mammals appeared?

Mesozoic era

In what era did the angiosperms appeared?

Cenozoic era

in what era did Angiosperms and insects co-eveolved?

Paleozoic era

In what era did the Cambrian explosion occured?

Earth became dominated by vast forests

What happened to the earth during the Carboniferous period?

Permian period

In what period did the carboniferous forest ecosystem collapsed, leading to the extinction of many species of plants and animals?

• First vertebrates

• Amphibians

• Reptiles

• Insects

• Gymnosperms

What life forms did the Cambrian explosion did?

Mesozoic era

In what era did the dinosaurs and gymnosperms occupied in different niches and colonies?

Gymnosperms

Are seed-producing plants

Himonids

Members of the biological family Hominidae (Great Apes)

• Paleogene

• Neogene

• Quaternary periods

what are the three periods that comprise the Cenozoic era?

tertiary period

paleogene and neogene used to be lumped in one period what do you call this?

• The flourishing and extinction of some mammals in recent geologic history

• The ice age which enveloped earth during the pleistocene epoch

• The rise if the hominids in africa, which subsequently evolved into Homo sapiens

What are the three geologic events that are significantly related to the three periods?

• Quaternary

• Neogene

• Paleogene

what are the subdivisions of cenozoic era

Years ago

Ya means?

Mama

Ma means?

Million years ago

Ma means?

Paleogene

What era did the climate begun cooling and drying?

Neogene

In what era did the Early homininds appeared in Africa?

Quaternary

In what era did the Homo Sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated to different parts of the planet?

Quaternary era

In what era did the humans became a significant agent of change in earth’s history

Neogene era

In what era did the climate steadily decreased, leading to the ice age of the Pleistocene epoch?

Quaternary

In what era did the fluctuations in climate led to te appearance and subsequent disappearance of massive and thickly furred mammals

paleogene

In what era did the continents continued to drift to the position where they are today

Anthropocene

Scientists are suggesting another epoch after the Holocene which they proposed?

Deciduous plants

Are plants that shed their leaves seasonally

ice age

Refers to an interval of time in which climate was colder than its today.

Hud e sus

Pasar kw ayhan?

"Law of original horizontally

"sediments composing a layer of sedimentary rocks are originally deposited in horizontal formation,

Law of superposition

"rock layer of a geological sequence at the buttom are geberally older than those on top",

potassium 40

"argon 40 1.25 billion years",

earth

is approximately 4.6 billions years,

uranium 234

"thorium 230 80 000 years",

Cabon 14

"nitrogen 14 5730 years",

Carbon 14

"refers to the isotopes of the elements carbon wuth an atomic weight of 14,"

lithification

"through the action of compaction by pressure and cementation, where the weight of water packs sediments tightly together.",

Uncomformity

"a boundary between two rocks layer representing an interval of time,"

fossil

"a remnant or trace of an ancient living organism that has been preserved in rock or sediments,"

sediments

"reducing the protolith into fragments called,"

compresional stress

"forces that cause deformation in a column of rock,"

Absolute dating

"object are assigned a numerical age,"

guide fossil (or index fossil)

"a widely distributed fossil which appeared in a narrow range of time, and is regarded as characteristic of a given geological formation",

bed

"stratum is also called,"

Law of uniformitarianism

"geological process that take place today operated in the same manner in the past,"

Weathering

"either through physical or chemical weathering,"

stratification

"the general layout of the strata of a rock,"

relative dating

"object are classified as either younger or older that another object,"

Relative dating absolute dating"

"methods to determine the age of rocks,"

Fossil correlation

"a methods of establishing the estimated age of a layer of rocks by comapring the fossil it contains with a set of fossils known age (guide fossil),"

Intrusive rocks

"intrusions refers to ",

-formation of the earliest rock

-emergence of life or new species of organism

-extinction of specific organism"

"Cruteria for significant events in geological history,"

Stratum

"a layer of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristic which distinguish it from other layers, ",

"half life

"refer to the length of time it takes for a radioactive materials to decrease to half its initial mass through radioactivr decay,"

-it is abundant

-it is widely distributed that is,it is found in many places around the world

-it appeared in a narrow range if time

-it is easily identifiable"

"characteristic of a guide fossil,"

,lithifucation

begins with compaction,lithifucation

radioactive decay

"potassium 40 is an unstable element, and given enough time, it will undergo ",

Geological sequence

"a listing of geological object or events in a column of rock,"

Carbon 14

"dating is reliable only for fossils not older than 50000 years,"

uranium 235

"lead 207 700 million years",

principle of fossil correlation

"strata containing related collection of fossils (fossil assemblage) are of the same age,"

erosion and deposition

"erosion by wind or water carries sediments into sedimentary basins, such as the sea or lakes",

Law of inclusions

"sediments of rocks (inclusions) that had been included in a rock layer are older than the sediments into which the inclusion had been embedded,"

FOLDING, FAULTING,UPLIFT, SUBSIDENCE,",

"-the movement in the Earth's crust causesdeformation in the sedimentary rocks, givingthe rock stratification its varied arrangement,"

Thermal Expansion

"In general, all matter expands when subjected to heat ",

Metamorphism

"refers to a process of transformation in shape, form, or appearance. It is often observed in biology. ",