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Geologic time scale
Where does the subdivisions of geologic time are based of?
Geologic Time Scale
What does GTS stand for?
Eons
Eras
Periods
Epoch
What are the Major subdivisions of earth’s history?
Eons
Is the largest subdivision in time intervals of earth’s history
Eras
the Phanerozoic era is subdivide into?
Paleozoic
Mesozioc
Cenozoic
What are the very significant events that are used to set boundaries of eras?
Periods
Eras are subdivide into?
Epoch
The cenozoic period is subdivided into 7 epochs
7 epochs
How many epochs is the cenozoic is subdivided
Era
What is the long time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?
eon
What is the longest time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?
Period
What is the short time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?
Epoch
What is the shortest time interval in subdivision of earth’s history?
Billion years from the present
Ga means?
Magma ocean
Earth was a?
Molten Iron
What sank to the deep to form earth’s core?
Iron Catastrophe
What do you call this phenomenon?
Late Heavy Bombardment Period
What do you call the shower of meteor and asteroid impacts during this period?
Hell on Earth
What is the event in the Hadean Eon?
Rigid plate
Our planet had colled enough to allow magma at the surface to form?
What e shempre binasa mo lng mng wra pag intindiha
What is formed by 2.7 Ga?
Cratons were formed shempre
What is formed by 2.7 Ga?
these are long-lives blocks of durable continental crust
what are cratons?
Protocontinents
What was formed during the Archean period?
Water vapor condensed and fell onto the planet as water
As earth continued to cool down, what happened?
Prokaryotic cells (Bacteria and cyano bacteria)
At around 3.8 billion years ago during the Archean eon what appeared?
Active volcanism
Formation of Earth’s Crust
Oceans and rivers
Emergence of the first prokaryotes
What are the major events of the Archean eon?
Cyanobacteria
refer to blue-green algae. are plant-like bacteria capable of photosynthesis
Prokaryotic cells
Single-cell organisms that lack nucleus, mitochondria
Precambrian
A long interval of time, about 90% of earth’s time, when only single-celled organisms lived on earth
Transition to the modern world
What are the events in the Proterozoic eon
Eukaryotes
What appeared by 1.8 Ga?
The first animals
what appeared by the end of the Proterozoic era?
Explosion of life
What are the events in the Phanerozoic era?
Paleozoic era
Mesozoic era
Cenozoic era
What are the eras during the explosion of life?
Mesozoic era
What era did the first dinosaur and mammals appeared?
Mesozoic era
In what era did the angiosperms appeared?
Cenozoic era
in what era did Angiosperms and insects co-eveolved?
Paleozoic era
In what era did the Cambrian explosion occured?
Earth became dominated by vast forests
What happened to the earth during the Carboniferous period?
Permian period
In what period did the carboniferous forest ecosystem collapsed, leading to the extinction of many species of plants and animals?
First vertebrates
Amphibians
Reptiles
Insects
Gymnosperms
What life forms did the Cambrian explosion did?
Mesozoic era
In what era did the dinosaurs and gymnosperms occupied in different niches and colonies?
Gymnosperms
Are seed-producing plants
Himonids
Members of the biological family Hominidae (Great Apes)
Paleogene
Neogene
Quaternary periods
what are the three periods that comprise the Cenozoic era?
tertiary period
paleogene and neogene used to be lumped in one period what do you call this?
The flourishing and extinction of some mammals in recent geologic history
The ice age which enveloped earth during the pleistocene epoch
The rise if the hominids in africa, which subsequently evolved into Homo sapiens
What are the three geologic events that are significantly related to the three periods?
Quaternary
Neogene
Paleogene
what are the subdivisions of cenozoic era
Years ago
Ya means?
Mama
Ma means?
Million years ago
Ma means?
Paleogene
What era did the climate begun cooling and drying?
Neogene
In what era did the Early homininds appeared in Africa?
Quaternary
In what era did the Homo Sapiens evolved in Africa and migrated to different parts of the planet?
Quaternary era
In what era did the humans became a significant agent of change in earth’s history
Neogene era
In what era did the climate steadily decreased, leading to the ice age of the Pleistocene epoch?
Quaternary
In what era did the fluctuations in climate led to te appearance and subsequent disappearance of massive and thickly furred mammals
paleogene
In what era did the continents continued to drift to the position where they are today
Anthropocene
Scientists are suggesting another epoch after the Holocene which they proposed?
Deciduous plants
Are plants that shed their leaves seasonally
ice age
Refers to an interval of time in which climate was colder than its today.
Hud e sus
Pasar kw ayhan?
"Law of original horizontally
"sediments composing a layer of sedimentary rocks are originally deposited in horizontal formation,
Law of superposition
"rock layer of a geological sequence at the buttom are geberally older than those on top",
potassium 40
"argon 40 1.25 billion years",
earth
is approximately 4.6 billions years,
uranium 234
"thorium 230 80 000 years",
Cabon 14
"nitrogen 14 5730 years",
Carbon 14
"refers to the isotopes of the elements carbon wuth an atomic weight of 14,"
lithification
"through the action of compaction by pressure and cementation, where the weight of water packs sediments tightly together.",
Uncomformity
"a boundary between two rocks layer representing an interval of time,"
fossil
"a remnant or trace of an ancient living organism that has been preserved in rock or sediments,"
sediments
"reducing the protolith into fragments called,"
compresional stress
"forces that cause deformation in a column of rock,"
Absolute dating
"object are assigned a numerical age,"
guide fossil (or index fossil)
"a widely distributed fossil which appeared in a narrow range of time, and is regarded as characteristic of a given geological formation",
bed
"stratum is also called,"
Law of uniformitarianism
"geological process that take place today operated in the same manner in the past,"
Weathering
"either through physical or chemical weathering,"
stratification
"the general layout of the strata of a rock,"
relative dating
"object are classified as either younger or older that another object,"
Relative dating absolute dating"
"methods to determine the age of rocks,"
Fossil correlation
"a methods of establishing the estimated age of a layer of rocks by comapring the fossil it contains with a set of fossils known age (guide fossil),"
Intrusive rocks
"intrusions refers to ",
-formation of the earliest rock
-emergence of life or new species of organism
-extinction of specific organism"
"Cruteria for significant events in geological history,"
Stratum
"a layer of sedimentary rock or soil with internally consistent characteristic which distinguish it from other layers, ",
"half life
"refer to the length of time it takes for a radioactive materials to decrease to half its initial mass through radioactivr decay,"
-it is abundant
-it is widely distributed that is,it is found in many places around the world
-it appeared in a narrow range if time
-it is easily identifiable"
"characteristic of a guide fossil,"
,lithifucation
begins with compaction,lithifucation
radioactive decay
"potassium 40 is an unstable element, and given enough time, it will undergo ",
Geological sequence
"a listing of geological object or events in a column of rock,"
Carbon 14
"dating is reliable only for fossils not older than 50000 years,"
uranium 235
"lead 207 700 million years",
principle of fossil correlation
"strata containing related collection of fossils (fossil assemblage) are of the same age,"
erosion and deposition
"erosion by wind or water carries sediments into sedimentary basins, such as the sea or lakes",
Law of inclusions
"sediments of rocks (inclusions) that had been included in a rock layer are older than the sediments into which the inclusion had been embedded,"
FOLDING, FAULTING,UPLIFT, SUBSIDENCE,",
"-the movement in the Earth's crust causesdeformation in the sedimentary rocks, givingthe rock stratification its varied arrangement,"
Thermal Expansion
"In general, all matter expands when subjected to heat ",
Metamorphism
"refers to a process of transformation in shape, form, or appearance. It is often observed in biology. ",
Note
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