T&TIII Concepts

T&TIII Concepts

Epistemology, episteme

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Theoreis of knowledge-what knowledge is, what are its sources and its domains, and how to reconcile collisions among its sources

Episteme is Greek for knowledge areconflicts

Scientia

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Latin for epistemology

‘ilm

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Arabic for epistemology

Mystical experience

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Direct awareness of the reality of divinity

Ex: Book of Job. Khrishna

Wahi

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Arabic for revelation

Caliphate

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

A caliphate^[a] is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph^[1][2][3] (/ˈkælɪf, ˈkeɪ-/),^[b] a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (ummah).^[4] Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.^[5][6]

Khorasan

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Khorasan is a historical region in Asia whose name means "Land of the Sun". It covers parts of northeastern Iran, northern Afghanistan, and southern Turkmenistan.

Hikma

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Latin and Greek for wisdom

‘ilm al-yaqin

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Arabic for absolute certainty

Ijtihad

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Making strenuous effort finding out for one’s self

Kalam

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

philosophical theology

Falsafah

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Arabic for philosophy, greco-roman science, also includes anatomy and sciences

Tasawwuf

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

Sufism

Sufism

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

The inner dimension of religion; techniques of cleansing the heart and refining the character

Malady

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

a disease, physical illness, or serious ailment. It can also describe a deep or troubling problem in a system, mind, or society

Hadith

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

a recorded saying, action, or silent approval of the Prophet Muhammad. It serves as a core guide for Muslim life and is the second main source of Islamic law after the Quran. [1, 2]

dhawq al-ḥaqq

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: al-Ghazali

“a taste of the truth”

demonstration reasoning

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

A demonstration is a valid syllogistic argument from necessarily true premises that are evident, and which are about the causes of the issue at hand. A person who has demonstrative knowledge of something understands both what is true about that thing and why it is true; they have perfect rational cognition of the thing known

The geocentric universe

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

description of falsafa cosmology with the basic structural notion of the geocentric universe, believed almost universally in the Mediterranean world before Galileo (d. 1642), going as far back as the pre-Socratics, then we will add some elaborations of the pagan philosophers that round out the picture. Basically, they took a geocentric view of the cosmos, like this:

formal cause

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

(i) The of a change is the source of the intelligible form determining the final product of the change.

material cause

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

(ii) The material cause of a change is the underlying material constituent of the change.

efficient cause

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

(iii) The efficient cause of a change is the agent, circumstance, or force that initiates or triggers the change.

The final cause

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

(iv) The final cause of a change is the result or purpose for the sake of which the change was undertaken. This was invented by, and characteristic of, Aristotle.

Emanationism

Speaker: Dr. Keele

Text: Aquinas

Emanationism is a philosophical and religious idea. It says that all things flow out from a single, perfect divine source.