HOSA Pathophysiology Respiratory

symptons of respiratory tract problems

chest pain,dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, dysphonia, chills, fever, wheezing fatigue

common cold/uri

acute inflammation that affects the mucous membrane of the urt

sinusitis

acute/chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the paranasal sinuses

pharyngitis/sore throat

acute/chronic inflammation/infection of the pharynx

lymphadenopathy

Any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

a cancer that arises from epithelium of the nasopharynx, rare in US, common in southern China, most pts with enlarged cervical lymph nodes, 4 histopathologic patterns are seen

epistaxis

Nosebleed

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx causes aphonia

deviated septem

crooked cartilage partition between the nostrils

nasal polyps

benign growths that form as a consequence of distended mucous membranes protruding into the nasal cavity

anosmia

loss/impairment of the sense of smell

tumors of the larynx

benign/malignant; , growths or tumors on the larynx, e benign or malignant, dysphonia is usually the only symptom of a tumor on the larynx, in children w tumors, a high-pitched stridor is present because of their small airways,

laryngeal cancer

Cancer of the throat is cancer of the vocal chords, voice box (larynx), or other areas of the throat

TNM system

Tumor, Node, Metastasis - dveloped by American Joint Committee on Cancer, system to describe the general anatomic extent of cancers. not useful for leukemia or lymphomas

hemoptysis

Coughing up blood

exsanguination

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained.

atelectasis

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

pulmonary embolism

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

tachypnea

Fast breathing

pneumonia

An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

pulmonary abscess

cavity of contained infectious material in the lung

SARS

severe acute respiratory syndrome; CORONA VIRUS

legionellosis (Legionnaires' disease and pontiac fever)

form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella pneumophilia

Respiratory Synctial virus pneumonia

an inflammatory and infectious condition of the lungs

histoplasmosis

fungal disease originating in the lungs that is caused by inhalation of the dust containing Histoplasma capsulatum

acute/chronic bronchitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane

bronchiectasis

A chronic congenital or acquired disease characterized by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi and excessive sputum production

asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

COPD

Comprised primarily of three related conditions chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma, and emphysema. in each condition there is chronic obstruction of the flow of air through the airwaves and out of the lungs and the obstruction Generally is permanent and may be progressive overtime

pulmonary emphysema

chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder characterized by destructive changes in the alveolar walls and irreversible enlargement of alveolar air spaces

rhonchi

A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed

HEPTOMEGALY

abnormal enlargement of the liver

pneumoconiosis

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis.

asbestosis

lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles

anthracosis

Abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs; black lung disease.

silicosis

caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs and usually occurs after working in occupations including foundry work, quarrying, ceramics, glass work, and sandblasting

pleurisy/itis

inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs and lining the pleural cavity

pneumothorax

collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity that results in a collapsed or partially collapsed lung

hemothorax

accumulation of blood and fluid in the pleural cavity

flail chest

condition of instability in the chest wall caused by multiple rib fractures; the sternum also may be fractrured

tb

A contagious bacterial infection that involves the lungs, but may spread to other organs

infectious mononucleosis/ Epstein-barr virus infection

glandular fever an acute herspesvirus infection; cause lymphadenopathy and fever; passed through kissing, blood transfusion, organ donation

Ards

A sudden onset of severe lung dysfunction affecting both lungs, making breathing extremely difficult.

sarcoidosis

A disease that causes inflammation and microscopic nodules called granulomas that affect almost all systems of the body

lung cancer

Highly malignant form developing from a constant irritation of chemicals from tobacco or other air born pollutants within the lung. Obstruction of airways is common. Metastasis to lymph nodes, liver, bone and brain is high. Found in 90% of all smokers. Survival rate is about 7%. Treatment is the removal of lung, radiation and chemotherapy.