Microbiology Board Exam Review

bacteriology

the science that studies bacteria

clostridium tetani

this causes tetanus

rickettsia

what type of organism causes typhus

rickettsia

what type of organism causes Q-fever

rickettsia

what type of organism causes rocky mountain spotted fever

bacteria

what type of organism is Staphlococcus aureus

bacteria

what type of organism is Clostridium tetani

virus

what type of organism causes small pox

virus

what type of organism causes hepatitis

virus

what type of organism causes HIV

protozoa

what type of organism causes amoebic dysentery

protozoa

what type of organism causes malaria

fungi

what type of organism causes candidasis

fungi

what type of organism causes aspergillosis

morphology

the study of structure and form of bacteria

.2 to 2 micrometers

what are the size ranges of bacteria

sphere

what shape are true cocci

bean & cone

what shapes, other than round, can cocci take

micrococcus

arrangement of cocci where the bacteria cell is grouped with no other

diplococcus

arrangement of cocci with a pair of bacterial cells

pneumonia

with what disease is it common to see a diplococcus arrangement of bacteria

streptococcus

chains of cocci

sarcina

term for when chains of cocci divide in three planes, resulting in a cube shaped cell

rod

what shape are bacillus

diplobacilli

a pair of bacilli linked together

streptobacilli

a chain of linked bacilli

spirillum

a single helical bacteria cell

vibrio

this shape of bacteria is in the shape of a comma

spirochete

spiral shaped bacteria

spirillum

this shape of bacteria has a rigid wall & will often move by flagella

spirochete

this shape of bacteria is flexible & moves by small axial filaments

cell wall

this part of bacteria is made of layers, is sometimes referred to as an envelope

cell wall

this part of bacteria lies between the cytoplasmic membrane & the cell's capsule

cytoplasm

this is thought of as the protoplasmic material & is located within the cell membrane

cytoplasm

what part of the cell contains the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, & other cell organelles

cell membrane

this is a type of semi-fluid found on the internal side of the cell wall

capsule

the outermost layer of the cell wall

thick capsule

bacteria exhibiting this feature are more virulent & tend to be more difficult to kill

endospore

this is a dormant form of a bacterial cell that resists drying, heat, sunlight, and many disinfectants

lockjaw, anthrax, botulism, gas gangrene

these 4 diseases are caused by spore forming bacteria

sporulation

the creation of spores

they are difficult to kill

what does an embalmer need to remember regarding spores

flagella

threadlike appendages, comprised entirely of protein

pili

short surface appendages that enable the adherence of symbiotic bacteria to host cells

transverse binary fission

how do bacteria reproduce

once every nine minutes

how often do bacterial cells reproduce under ideal conditions

autotrophic

these organisms are capable of surviving in the absence of organic compounds

heterotrophic

these organisms use organic matter for energy and the synthesis of cell materials

strict saprophytes

heterotrophic bacteria that obtain nutritional need from non-living sources

clostridium tetani

this is responsible for lockjaw

obligate saprophytes

another name for strict saprophytes

obligate parasites

what type of organisms (in reference to feeding) are most pathogenic bacteria

strict parasites

heterotrophic bacteria that only grow on other living organisms

facultative bacteria

heterotrophs that live and adapt in food conditions that may vary, sometimes on living & sometimes on dead tissue

strict aerobes

bacteria that only grow in the presence of oxygen

strict aerobe

what type of organism (in reference to oxygen requirements) is micrococcus lutea

strict anaerobe

bacteria that require a total absence of oxygen

strict anaerobe

what type of organism (in reference to oxygen requirements) is clostridium sporogenes

facultative bacteria

bacteria that can live in the absence or presence of oxygen

facultative

what type of organism (in reference to oxygen requirements) is e. coli

microaerophillic

these organisms require very little free oxygen to maintain growth

pasteurization

the use of heat at seventy-two degrees centigrade for fifteen minutes to kill pathogenic organisms

37 degrees centigrade

what is the optimum temperature for most bacteria

psychrophiles

organisms that prefer cold temperatures

spoilage of food

what do psychophiles take a part in

mesophiles

organisms that prefer a moderate temperature

mesophiles

what type of organisms (in reference to temperature preference) are most pathogenic organisms

thermophiles

organisms that prefer high temperatures

thermophiles

what type of organisms (in reference to temperature preference) are some spore forming bacteria

6-9

what pH do most microorganisms thrive in

symbiosis

a type of relationship where two species live together in close association

mutualism

a relationship whereby two organisms live together & benefit from each other

commensalism

two different species living side by side in peace

parasitism

a relationship whereby one organism thrives at the host's expense

synergism

an interaction between bacteria in which both species work together to achieve the desired result

the bacteria that cause herpes lesions

give an example of synergism

antagonism

occurs when some microorganisms produce substances that inhibit or prevent growth of other microbes

penicillin stopping staph infections

give an example of antagonism

disinfection

any process that destroys, neutralizes, or inhibits pathogenic organisms

sterilization

any process that completely removes of destroys all living organisms in or on an object

sterilization

what level of control will kill spores

antisepsis

a process that prevents and/or combats infection or growth of pathogenic bacteria on living tissue

physical methods

a method of control that avoids the use of chemicals

scrubbing

the use of an abraiding device to remove large sized contaminates

incineration

sterilization that occurs by way of direct flame

dry heat

sterilization that occurs in an oven

autoclave

a device that releases steam at appx. 15 lbs per sq. inch, used for sterilization

ultraviolet

this type of light will destroy many pathogens

germicide

general term that describes a disinfectant that will kill any type of microorganisms (germs)

spore forming

what type of bacteria are harder to kill: spore forming or non-spore forming

bleaches & idophores

name the halogens/halogenated compounds suitable for mortuary disinfection

ethyl, methyl, isopropyl

what alcohols are suitable for mortuary disinfection

formalin, glutaraldehyde

what aldehydes are suitable for mortuary disinfection

phenol, cresols, hexachlorophene

what phenolic compounds are suitable for mortuary disinfection

benzalkonium chloride

what quaternary ammonium compound is suitable for mortuary disinfection

infection

a process whereby a parasite enters into a relationship with a host

contamination

the act of introducing the parasite or organism to the host

pathogenic organisms

organisms that have the potential to cause disease

pathogenicity

the ability of microorganisms to cause disease or to spur the production of progressive lesions

virulence

the degree of pathogenicity a microorganism exhibits