Chem L7-8 Concentration & Titration

Flashcards on Chemical Structure and Properties.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances.

Solvent

The component of a solution that dissolves the solute; usually present in greater amount. Water is a common one.

Solute

The component of a solution that is dissolved in the solvent; usually present in lesser amount.

Aqueous solution

A solution in which water is the solvent.

Electrolyte

A substance that forms ions when dissolved in a solvent.

Non-electrolyte

A substance that does not form ions when dissolved in a solvent.

Concentration

The amount of solute present in a given amount of solution.

Percent by mass

Expressed as (mass of solute / mass of solution) * 100%

Mass concentration

Expressed as mass of solute (g) / volume of solution (L).

Molality

Expressed as moles of solute (mol) / mass of solvent (kg).

Molarity

Expressed as number of moles of solute (mol) / volume of solution (L). Also known as molar concentration.

Volumetric glassware

Glassware calibrated at specific temperatures to deliver or contain precise amounts of liquid.

Dissolution

Dissolving a solid substance (solute) in a solvent.

Dilution

Reducing the concentration of a solution by adding more solvent.

Stock solution

A solution of standardised and known concentration, usually used to prepare solutions of lower concentration.

Dilution factor

The ratio of the initial to final concentration (M1/M2) or the final to initial volume (V2/V1) during dilution.

Serial dilution

The stepwise dilution of a substance in solution.

pH

The negative base-10 logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+].

pOH

The negative base-10 logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration [OH-].

pH + pOH = 14

Relationship between pH and pOH; pH + pOH = 14.

Monoprotic acids

Acids that are able to donate one H+ per molecule during dissociation

Diprotic acids

Acids that are able to donate two H+ per molecule during dissociation

pH indicators

Substances which change color as the pH of the aqueous solution in which it is dissolved changes.

Titration

A common laboratory method of quantitative chemical analysis that is used to determine the concentration of an unknown sample (analyte) by controlled addition of a reagent (titrant).

Acid–base Titration

A method of quantitative analysis for determining the concentration of an acid or base by exactly neutralizing it with a standard solution of base or acid having known concentration.