Axial Skeleton

Frontal Bone

Parietal Bone

Occipital Bone

Temporal Bone

Mandible

Sphenoid

Maxilla

Zygomatic Bone

Nasal Bone

Lacrimal Bone

hyoid bone

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles. Does not articulate with any other bone.

vertebral arch

composed of pedicles, laminae, and a spinous process, it represents the junction of all posterior extensions from the vertebral body

transverse process

two lateral projections from the vertebral arch

spinous process

sharp, narrow, posterior projection from vertebral bones. Used for muscle attachements

body of vertebrae

the thick, disc-shaped anterior portion, which is the weight-bearing portion.

intervertebral discs

fibrocartilage pads that separate and cushion the vertebrae

Cervical vertebrate

First seven vertebrae (C1-C7). Makes up the neck.

Thoracic Vertebrate

Each of the twelve spinal bones to which the ribs are attached. (T1-T12)

Lumbar Vertebrate

The five largest bones of the lower spine. (L1-L5)

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

Coccyx

four vertebrae fused together to form the tailbone. The very end of the vertebral column.

True Ribs (costal bones 1-7)

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to the sternum by costal cartilage. Ribs 1-7

False Ribs (costal bones 8-12)

last 5 pairs of ribs; attach indirectly to the sternum or do not attach at all. Ribs 8-12.

Floating Ribs (costal bones 11-12)

last two pairs of ribs; do not attach to the sternum. Ribs 11-12

costal cartilage

the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs

Sternum

manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Manubrium

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Body of Sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

Xyphoid Process

The lower part of the sternum that project downward to the point where the sternum meets the lower ribs.

ethmoid bone

forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium

sphenoid bone

forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit. Joins all of the cranial bones together.

supraorbital foramen

a hole through which the supraorbital nerve and artery pass. Located in the frontal bone region.

infraorbital foramen

Allows the infraorbital nerve and artery to reach the face. Located in the maaxilla bone.

Orbital Fissures

Elongated opening in the orbital cavity. Allows the passage of the optic nerve from the eye to the brain.

mental foramen

Openings that allow passage of cranial nerves and arteries. Located on the mandible.

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord. Located in the occipital bone.

zygomatic process (of the temporal bone)

a projection of the temporal bone that forms part of the zygomatic arch.

Temporal process (of the zygomatic bone)

short extension from the zygomatic bone that forms the anterior portion of the zygomatic arch.

zygomatic arch

The arch formed by the temporal and zygomatic processes. Used for muscle attachment.

coronoid process

projection from the top of the anterior mandibular ramus. Used for muscle attachement.

mandibular ramus

vertical extension of the body of the mandible on either side

mandibular notch

V shal=ped notch at the top of the mandibular ramus. Between the mandibular condyle and coronoid process.

mandibular condyle

Articulation point of the mandible with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

Mastoid Process

round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear. Used for muscle attachement.

styloid process

needle-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull. used for muscle attachement.

external acoustic meatus

Canal leading to eardrum and middle ear.

squamous suture

suture between parietal and temporal bones

lamboid suture

where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

sagittal suture

the joint between the two parietal bones.

coronal suture

the suture between the parietal bones and frontal bone of the skull

occipital condyles

Rounded projections lateral to the foramen magnum that articulate with the first cervical vertebra (atlas)