Study Guide for Lecture Exam #2 (Chapters 4 to 6)

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from Chapters 4 to 6 for exam preparation.

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic metabolism?

Anabolic metabolism involves synthesis reactions, while catabolic metabolism involves decomposition reactions.

What is the purpose of cellular respiration?

The purpose of cellular respiration is to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP, and to release waste products.

What roles do ATP and oxygen play in cellular respiration?

ATP serves as the energy currency of the cell, while oxygen is a final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration allowing for the production of ATP.

What is the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

Enzymes act as catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

What are peptide bonds?

Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that link amino acids together in proteins.

What are the end products of the digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates?

Proteins are broken down into amino acids, lipids into fatty acids and glycerol, and carbohydrates into simple sugars.

What are ketone bodies?

Ketone bodies are organic compounds produced during the metabolism of fat, used as an energy source when carbohydrates are scarce.

What is the difference between translation and transcription?

Transcription is the process of copying DNA into RNA, while translation is the process of using RNA to synthesize proteins.

What are the four major types of tissues?

The four major types of tissues are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue.

What is the function of red blood cells?

Red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returning carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs.

What is the role of melanin in the skin?

Melanin provides pigmentation to the skin and protects against damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

What is the difference between hypothermia and hyperthermia?

Hypothermia occurs when body temperature drops dangerously low, while hyperthermia occurs when the body temperature rises to unhealthy levels.

What is the significance of pressure ulcers?

Pressure ulcers occur due to prolonged pressure on the skin, often in areas over bony prominences, leading to tissue damage.

How are burns classified?

Burns are classified by their depth: first-degree (epidermis), second-degree (epidermis and part of dermis), and third-degree (full thickness).

What are the characteristics of the different layers of skin?

The epidermis is the outer protective layer, the dermis contains blood vessels and connective tissue, and the subcutaneous layer provides insulation and cushioning.

What type of tissue has an abundance of extracellular matrix?

Connective tissue has an abundance of extracellular matrix.

What is the master control of body temperature?

The hypothalamus acts as the master control center for body temperature regulation.