Chapter 8: Information Processing

A collection of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes from Chapter 8: Information Processing.

Information Processing

Focus on how children encode, store, and retrieve information.

Cognitive development

Marked by gradual increases in processing speed and capacity due to neurological development and experience.

Sustained attention

The ability to maintain focus on a specific stimulus over time.

Divided attention

The ability to distribute attention among multiple tasks or stimuli.

Selective attention

The process of focusing on a particular object in the presence of other distractions.

Executive attention

The ability to regulate thoughts and actions, crucial for planning and problem-solving.

Joint attention

A shared focus between two individuals on an object, significant for language development and self-regulation.

Recognition memory

The ability to recognize previously encountered information.

Recall memory

The ability to retrieve information without cues.

Memory strategies

Techniques used to enhance memory performance, such as organization and rehearsal.

Elaboration

A memory strategy involving the addition of meaningful details to information.

Production deficiency

A lack of ability to produce an effective memory strategy.

Control deficiency

The inability to properly manage and apply memory strategies.

Utilization deficiency

The failure to effectively use a strategy that an individual knows.

Effective use

The successful application of memory strategies to improve recall and recognition.

Theory of mind

Awareness of one’s own and others’ mental processes.

Metacognition

Thinking about one’s own thinking processes and strategies.

Familiar item recognition

Understanding that familiar items are easier to remember.

Short list memory

The idea that shorter lists are easier to remember.

Gist memory

The ability to remember the general meaning or gist of information.

Forgetting

The inability to recall information that was previously stored.

Multiple interpretations

The notion that information can be understood in various ways.

Strategy selection

The process of choosing appropriate memory strategies based on context.

Neurological developments

Brain maturation processes that contribute to improved memory capacity.

Growing knowledge base

Expansion of one’s repertoire of knowledge that aids in memory recall.

Memory rehearsal

Repeatedly practicing information to enhance memory retention.

Attention (Infants)

Requires a quiet, awake, alert state, influenced by novelty.

Attention (Preschoolers)

Includes sustained, divided, selective, and executive attention.

Miniature Zoo Assessment

An assessment tool used to evaluate children's planning and executive attention abilities.

Infant recognition memory

Recognition memory in infants that develops over the first months of life.

7-month old joint attention

A developmental milestone that supports language and self-regulation.

Cognitive processing improvements

Enhancements due to experience and neurological growth.

Attention in education

The role of attention in effective learning and memory retention.